Table 2.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of diabetes comorbidities and diabetes-related complications associated with psoriasis, NHANES 2003–2006 and NHANES 2009–2010
| Total Population | Diabetes Population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Diabetes | 0.94 (0.46–1.90) | 0.95 (0.46–1.99) | 0.86 (0.39–1.88) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease† | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 1.00 (0.75–1.35) | 1.13 (0.65–1.98) | 1.05 (0.35–3.14) | 0.86 (0.27–2.73) | 0.40 (0.10–1.59) |
| Stroke | 0.48 (0.20–1.17) | 0.46 (0.21–1.02) | 0.50 (0.18–1.44) | 0.15 (0.02–1.20) | 0.14 (0.02–1.14) | ¶ |
| Retinopathy‡ | 0.35 (0.10–1.20) | 0.38 (0.11–1.32) | 0.24 (0.02–2.37) | 0.35 (0.10–1.20) | 0.38 (0.11–1.32) | 0.24 (0.02–2.37) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.97 (0.64–1.48) | 1.03 (0.59–1.80) | 0.99 (0.58–1.71) | 0.35 (0.08–1.59) | 0.29 (0.07–1.12) | 0.17 (0.04–0.76) |
| Micro-/ Macroalbuminuria§ | 1.27 (0.74–2.17) | 1.31 (0.75–2.28) | 1.35 (0.76–2.38) | 0.58 (0.12–2.70) | 0.59 (0.14–2.53) | 0.55 (0.10–2.85) |
| Hypertension|| | 1.82 (1.28–2.60) | 1.80 (1.20–2.71) | 1.73 (1.11–2.68) | 1.20 (0.21–6.71) | 1.17 (0.19–7.29) | 0.96 (0.16–5.68) |
| Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 1.97 (1.29–3.00) | 2.03 (1.33–3.12) | 2.06 (1.34–3.18) | 2.93 (0.66–12.95) | 2.79 (0.70–11.09) | 2.84 (0.69–11.73) |
| Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 1.56 (1.15–2.11) | 1.59 (1.16–2.17) | 1.60 (1.17–2.19) | 1.62 (1.29–2.04) | 1.55 (0.46–5.24) | 1.60 (0.48–5.37) |
| High waist circumference | 1.73 (1.27–2.36) | 1.74 (1.19–2.54) | 1.74 (1.19–2.55) | 3.74 (1.01–13.86) | 3.42 (1.09–10.73) | 3.44 (1.10–10.78) |
| Low HDL | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) | 1.29 (0.97–1.71) | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | 2.60 (1.00–6.79) | 2.56 (1.02–6.44) | 2.25 (0.88–5.71) |
Model 1: Unadjusted
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity
Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity and smoking (obesity not included in models with body mass index, waist circumference, or obesity as the outcome)
†
In NHANES, cardiovascular disease includes heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, or heart attack
‡
Among people with diabetes
§
Microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria: Albumin creatinine ratio ≥ 30mg/g
||
Blood pressure ≥ 140/80 mmHg or currently taking blood pressure medication
¶
1 case with both psoriasis and the outcome