Table 1. Maternal Characteristics and GDM Prevalence For 15 States and New York City, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2010a .
| Characteristic | Sample with Maternal Characteristic, % (SE) | GDM by Maternal Characteristic, % (SE)b |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, yc | ||
| <20 | 9.6 (0.4) | 6.0 (1.1) |
| 20–24 | 23.0 (0.5) | 5.9 (0.6) |
| 25–29 | 28.8 (0.5) | 8.2 (0.6) |
| 30–34 | 24.3 (0.5) | 11.1 (0.8) |
| ≥35 | 14.3 (0.4) | 15.5 (1.2) |
| Maternal race/ethnicityc | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 52.8 (0.4) | 6.8 (0.4) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 13.9 (0.3) | 10.5 (0.9) |
| Hispanic | 25.9 (0.3) | 12.1 (0.9) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.7 (0.1) | 8.9 (2.1) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4.3 (0.2) | 16.3 (1.8) |
| Other | 2.5 (0.2) | 10.0 (2.4) |
| Parityc | ||
| 0 | 40.5 (0.6) | 7.8 (0.5) |
| 1 | 31.0 (0.6) | 9.0 (0.7) |
| ≥2 | 28.5 (0.6) | 11.4 (0.8) |
| Maternal education, yc | ||
| <12 | 20.0 (0.5) | 12.3 (1.0) |
| 12 | 25.0 (0.5) | 9.4 (0.8) |
| ≥13 | 55.0 (0.6) | 7.9 (0.4) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 60.2 (0.6) | 9.1 (0.4) |
| Other | 39.8 (0.6) | 9.3 (0.6) |
| WIC enrolledc | ||
| Yes | 49.2 (0.6) | 10.8 (0.6) |
| No | 50.8 (0.6) | 7.6 (0.4) |
| Health insurance | ||
| Medicaid | 43.2 (0.6) | 9.9 (0.5) |
| Other | 56.8 (0.6) | 8.7 (0.5) |
Abbreviations: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; SE, standard error; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
a
States and metropolitan areas included were Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, New York City, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming.
b
GDM prevalence estimates were calculated for women who had GDM reported either on the birth certificate or PRAMS questionnaire but did not self-report pre-pregnancy diabetes.
c
Difference in prevalence of GDM by maternal characteristic (P < .05) by χ2 test.