Graphical illustration of the model 3. (a) During the first half of the time (0–1s), node 3 is the primary source. It propagates to node 4 in the time-lagged pattern, propagates to node 1 in the zero-lagged pattern, and propagates to node 2 in the fused pattern. (b) During the later portion of the time (1–2s), node 4 becomes the main source and causes the other nodes in different propagation patterns. aij is the time dependent amplitude of the connection between ith and jth node, τij denotes the constant delay in the propagation from the jth to the ith node, and IEFij is the instantaneous connectivity strength.