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. 2014 Jun 24;8:222. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00222

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Copyright © 2014 Zhang, Schönfeld, Wiskott and Manahan-Vaughan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Example of place cells illustrating firing patterns from from-border and towards-border segments. Each row depicts the activity of one cell during under illuminated conditions (two leftmost columns) and in darkness (two rightmost columns). The firing activity is further split into from-border (columns no. 1 and 3) and towards-border segments. Activity in both from and towards cases was expected to stay largely the same with lights on and differ once lights are switched off. The second row depicts a cell where this was not the case and the rat was able to successfully detect its position during darkness. In contrast, the third row depicts a cell which features successful self-localization after just having encountered a wall but failing to do so when no wall was encountered for some time.