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. 2014 Jul;118:19–35. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.007

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© 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Fig. 1 — Neuropathology underlying MSA-P, MSA-C and autonomic failure in MSA. Striatonigral degeneration is the underlying pathology of MSA-P, olivopontocerebellar atrophy occurs in MSA-C and degeneration of autonomic brainstem nuclei plays a role for characteristic autonomic failure in MSA patients. SND, striatonigral degeneration; OPCA, olivopontocerebellar atrophy; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; LC, locus coeruleus; VML, ventrolateral medulla; DMV, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; NA, nucleus ambiguus; IML, intermediolateral column of the thoracic spinal cord; LDT, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; PPT, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; PAG, periaqueductal gray.