Table 3.
Association between religiosity in childhood and religiosity in adulthood and substance use and misuse
| Early alcohol use | Ever been a smoker | Ever used illicit drugs | Alcohol abuse/dependence | Nicotine dependence | Drug abuse/dependence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Religiosity in adulthood | ||||||
| High (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moderate | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 1.52 (1.27–1.83) | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) |
| Low | 1.14 (1.87–1.51) | 1.32 (1.06–1.65) | 1.45 (1.14–1.85) | 1.41 (1.09–1.81) | 1.56 (1.06–2.30) | 1.38 (0.99–1.92) |
| Very low | 1.55 (1.10–2.19) | 2.20 (1.66–2.90) | 1.54 (1.02–2.33) | 1.48 (0.96–2.28) | 1.87 (1.07–3.28) | 1.53 (0.94–2.49) |
| Religiosity in childhood | ||||||
| High (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moderate | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 1.19 (0.97–1.45) | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 0.95 (0.71–1.28) | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) |
| Low | 1.48 (1.21–1.83) | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 1.73 (1.35–2.22) | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 1.34 (0.99–1.82) | 1.48 (1.08–2.02) |
| Very low | 1.46 (1.03–2.07) | 1.49 (0.95–2.34) | 1.29 (0.91–1.82) | 1.77 (1.25–2.51) | 1.44 (0.79–2.61) | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) |
Values refer to odds ratio (95% Confidence intervals). All estimates are adjusted for age, sex, race/ancestry, marital status, education, living with both parents until age 18 and lifetime major depressive episode.