Table 6.

Associations between extreme child/adult religiosity combination groups and lifetime substance use and abuse/dependence.

	Early alcohol use	Ever been a smoker	Ever used illicit drugs	Alcohol abuse/dependence	Nicotine dependence	Drug abuse/dependence
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Childhood–Adult religiosity
Low–Low	2.78 (1.73–4.47)	1.89 (1.06–3.36)	1.21 (0.66–2.21)	1.50 (0.90–2.52)	2.35(1.23–4.51)	0.97 (0.63–1.49)
N = 106 (1.7%)	[63/82]	[58/84]	[31/84]	[23/84]	[17/84]	[11/83]
High–High	0.79 (0.68–0.93)	0.68 (0.57–0.81)	0.60 (0.46–0.78)	0.54 (0.43–0.67)	0.81 (0.61–1.07)	0.66 (0.51–0.84)
N=2070 (33.4%)	[602/1562]	[803/1868]	[250/1869]	[131/1868]	[117/1868]	[81/1868]
High–Low	1.90 (0.86–4.17)	2.15 (0.98–4.71)	1.31 (0.48–3.58)	1.97 (0.88–4.42)	1.58 (0.62–4.03)	1.52 (0.59–3.93)
N = 72 (1.2%)	[34/51]	[37/52]	[18/52]	[16/52]	[7/51]	[8/51]
Low–High	0.78 (0.36–1.67)	1.05 (0.52–2.16)	0.69 (0.44–1.09)	0.97 (0.45–2.09)	0.92 (0.37–2.31)	0.84 (0.47–1.49)
N = 114 (1.8%)	[42/95]	[53/98]	[20/99]	[14/98]	[8/99]	[8/99]
All others (Reference)	1	1	1	1	1	1
N=3841 (61.9%)	[1515/3046]	[1689/3234]	[831/3233]	[484/3234]	[278/3234]	[290/3234]

Values refer to odds ratio (95% Confidence intervals). All estimates are adjusted for age, sex, race/ancestry, marital status, education, living with both parents until age 18 and lifetime major depressive episode. Values in brackets represent the number of individuals who had recent substance use/total number of individuals in each religiosity category.