Populations of single and double combinations of five dominant species at the end of different mixed-culture fermentations. The initial cell density of each species was adjusted to 1 × 106 CFU/g. (A) B. licheniformis; (B) B. amyloliquefaciens; (C) S. cerevisiae; (D) I. orientalis; (E) P. membranaefaciens. Bl, B. licheniformis; Ba, B. amyloliquefaciens; Sc, S. cerevisiae; Io, I. orientalis; Pm, P. membranaefaciens.