Figure 3.
Lack of inhibitory effect of C4a on VSMCs in response to C5a. VSMCs were treated with C5a (10−8 M) in the presence or absence of C4a (10−8 M), then the migration, proliferation and VCAM-1 expression of VSMCs were investigated. (A) C4a did not inhibit C5a-induced low levels of migration, (B) proliferation or (C) VCAM-1 expression of VSMCs. Data were normalized to cell numbers and are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=3). P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.