Peroxynitrite scavenging attenuates the LPS-mediated decrease in barrier function in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). HLMVECs were challenged with LPS (1 EU/ml, 0–12 h) in the presence or absence of the peroxynitrite scavenger, Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTmPyP; 25 μM, 30 min before LPS, with LPS, and 1 h after LPS treatment). LPS decreased the normalized transendothelial resistance (TER), and this was significantly attenuated by MnTMPyP (A). Similarly, the LPS-mediated (1 EU/ml, 4 h) extravasation of FITC-dextran was significantly reduced in cells pretreated with MnTMPyP (25 μM) (B). In addition, immunofluorescent analysis of vascular endothelial–cadherin (C) indicates that the LPS-mediated increase in gap formation was also attenuated by MnTMPyP (D). Values are mean ± SEM (n = 3–7). *P < 0.05 versus control, †P < 0.05 versus LPS alone.