Table 2. Distribution of actual, need-expected and need-standardized NCD use of outpatient and inpatient services across household income quintiles.

Household income	Outpatient service use			Inpatient service use
	Actual ()	Need–Expected ()	Need-Standardized ()	Actual ()	Need–Expected()	Need-Standardized ()
Quintile I (Poorest)	0.089	0.109	0.084	0.043	0.081	0.031
Quintile II	0.091	0.100	0.093	0.053	0.070	0.052
Quintile III	0.094	0.100	0.097	0.058	0.067	0.059
Quintile IV	0.104	0.101	0.106	0.076	0.064	0.081
Quintile V (Richest)	0.136	0.105	0.134	0.113	0.063	0.119
CM/CN/HI	0.083	−0.006	0.089	0.201	−0.052	0.253
SrErr	0.011	0.002	0.011	0.014	0.003	0.013
T	7.69	−3.75	8.42	14.72	−18.64	18.96

Bold values indicate statistically significance (p<0.05) of the parameters.

CI was expressed as C_M for actual use of services; C_N for need-expected services; HI (Horizontal Inequity) for need-standardized services.