Table 3. Reasons for denied inpatient and outpatient services for the NCD patients across income quintiles.
Quintile of Household living standard | |||||
I (Poorest) | II | III | IV | V (Richest) | |
% of denied use of outpatient services (over two-week)* | 22.7% | 18.8% | 12.4% | 10.9% | 9.9% |
Reasons for not using outpatient services over two weeks (%) | |||||
Felt minor illness | 30.1 | 34.9 | 49.5 | 43.4 | 47.2 |
Financial difficulties | 54.5 | 39.6 | 28.9 | 30.2 | 30.6 |
Lack of time | 2.8 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
Traffic inconvenience | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Effective treatment not available | 9.1 | 17.9 | 13.4 | 10.8 | 8.3 |
Other reasons | 3.5 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 12 | 10.2 |
% of refused hospital admission* | 47.8% | 40.8% | 40.7% | 35.2% | 28.1% |
Reasons for not using inpatient services over one year (%) | |||||
Felt not necessary | 4.9 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 17.3 | 15.7 |
Effective treatment not available | 3.8 | 5.3 | 3 | 4 | 6.1 |
Financial difficulties | 87.4 | 74.3 | 72.9 | 68.6 | 59.8 |
Poor hospital services | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
Lack of time | 2.7 | 2.2 | 10.8 | 4 | 4.1 |
No beds available | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.7 | 3.2 |
Other reasons | 1.2 | 10.2 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 10.8 |
Inpatient reimbursement rates for NCD patients enrolled in insurance schemes (%) | |||||
Patients Enrolled in NCMS | 39.7 | 27.6 | 31.9 | 26.7 | 25.8 |
Patients Enrolled in MIUE | 43.9 | 44.1 | 58.7 | 58.7 | 52.2 |
Patients enrolled in MIUR | 46.7 | 30.5 | 30.9 | 35.4 | 33.9 |
OOP medical expenditure as a percentage of non-food household expenses (%) | |||||
Patients Enrolled in NCMS | 40.3 | 35.4 | 28.6 | 21.4 | 29.9 |
Patients Enrolled in MIUE | 60.0 | 54.3 | 40.7 | 35.9 | 22.9 |
Patients enrolled in MIUR | 42.6 | 58.6 | 30.9 | 37.4 | 31.8 |
*p<0.01, compared across the five income quintile groups.