Table 3.
Associations of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression with Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with SLE (cases) and Controls from the Study of Lupus Vascular and Bone Long-term Endpoints (add years of study), Chicago, IL
| Unadjusted | Adjustedδ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |||||
| OR& | 95% CI | OR& | 95% CI | OR& | 95% CI | OR& | 95% CI | |
|
|
||||||||
| Traditional Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Age | 1.90 | 1.20–3.09$ | 4.73 | 2.37–10.99$ | - | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | 1.61 | 0.69–3.83 | 2.72 | 0.89–8.09 | - | - | - | - |
| Total cholesterol/High-density Lipoprotein Ratio | 1.30 | 0.90–1.87$ | 1.38 | 0.82–2.30 | - | - | - | - |
| Current Smoker | 0.32 | 0.02–1.73 | 1.57 | 0.22–6.92 | 0.27 | 0.01–1.51 | 1.29 | 0.17–6.97 |
| Fasting Glucose | 1.30 | 0.86–2.08 | 1.59 | 1.01–2.84 | 1.11 | 0.74–1.75 | 1.18 | 0.67–1.94 |
| Waist Circumference | 1.00 | 0.66–1.47 | 1.16 | 0.70–1.91 | 0.72 | 0.42–1.18 | 0.75 | 0.37–1.43 |
| Glomerular Filtration Rate | 0.49 | 0.27–0.83$ | 0.58 | 0.27–1.12 | 0.65 | 0.34–1.21 | 2.11 | 0.80–5.70 |
| Lipoprotein(a) | 1.25 | 0.86–1.79 | 1.85 | 1.20–3.02$ | 1.14 | 0.76–1.68 | 1.58 | 0.92–2.93 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.56 | 1.03–2.39$ | 1.28 | 0.75–2.20 | 1.46 | 0.91–2.36 | 0.76 | 0.39–1.42 |
| Homocysteine | 1.95 | 1.09–3.59$ | 1.16 | 0.66–1.86 | 1.66 | 0.86–3.15 | 1.05 | 0.47–2.09 |
| C-Reactive Protein | 0.89 | 0.37–1.46 | 0.94 | 0.47–1.47 | 0.78 | 0.26–1.53 | 0.71 | 0.29–1.24 |
| SLE-Related Factors | ||||||||
| Presence of SLE% | 1.49 | 0.77–2.97 | - | - | 2.08 | 0.98–4.57 | - | - |
| ACR/SLICC-DI** | 2.24 | 1.45–3.56$ | - | - | 2.15 | 1.33–3.57$ | - | - |
| SLEDAI-2K | 0.91 | 0.55–1.42 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.60–1.57 | - | - |
| Disease Duration | 1.37 | 0.91–2.02 | - | - | 1.21 | 0.78–1.85 | - | - |
| Complement component 3 (C3) (mg/dl) | 0.92 | 0.60–1.40 | - | - | 0.70 | 0.44–1.11 | - | - |
| Complement component 4 (C4) (mg/dl) | 0.87 | 0.54–1.33 | - | - | 0.64 | 0.37–1.07 | - | - |
| Corticosteroid Dose | 0.97 | 0.58–1.47 | - | - | 1.03 | 0.61–1.64 | - | - |
| Cumulative Corticosteroid dose | 1.41 | 0.94–2.11 | - | - | 1.45 | 0.95–2.24 | - | - |
| Anti-dsDNA Level | 1.20 | 0.80–1.73 | - | - | 1.26 | 0.83–1.88 | - | - |
| Current Medication Use | ||||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.68 | 0.28–1.73 | - | - | 0.74 | 0.30–1.97 | - | - |
| Estrogen | 2.18 | 0.55–7.35 | 3.92 | 0.76–16.89 | 1.39 | 0.33–4.02 | 2.01 | 0.28–12.78 |
| Statin* | 2.86 | 0.70–19.29 | - | - | 2.65 | 0.59–11.06 | - | - |
| Aspirin | 3.90 | 1.50–9.99$ | 6.87 | 1.53–29.62$ | 4.23 | 1.53–11.74$ | 2.64 | 0.48–14.43 |
| Corticosteroid | 1.98 | 0.85–4.64 | - | - | 2.93 | 1.14–7.86$ | - | - |
Adjusted for age, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and presence of hypertension
SLEDAI-2K: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, excluding complement score
ACR/SLICC-DI: American College of Rheumatology/Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics Damage Index
Too few controls reported statin use to be incorporated into a regression model
Odds ratio, calculated for a 1 standard deviation higher risk factor level for continuous variables
Excluding coronary artery bypass grafting, myocardial infarction, stroke, and angina
Statistically significant, p< 0.05
modeled with combined cases and controls data