Table 2.

Association of KIM-1, IL-18 and ACR with incident heart failure

	No. of Participants	No. of Heart Failure Events	Rate/y of incident Heart Failure	Demographic*-adjusted HR (95% CI)*	Multivariable**-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Multivariable**+ACR–adjusted HR (95% CI)
KIM-1:Cr
By quartile
Q1: <497 pg/mg	729	129	1.72	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Q2: 497–814 pg/mg	734	138	1.87	1.15 (0.90, 1.48)	1.07 (0.83, 1.38)	1.04 0.81, 1.34)
Q3: 815–1239 pg/mg	729	145	1.96	1.40 (1.08, 1.80)	1.33 (1.03, 1.71)	1.25 0.97, 1.60)
Q4: ≥1240 pg/mg	725	184	2.69	1.99 (1.54, 2.55)	1.50 (1.17, 1.93)	1.32 (1.02, 1.70)
IL-18:Cr
By quartile
Q1: <19 pg/mg	728	144	1.98	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Q2: 19–31 pg/mg	727	144	1.97	1.06 (0.83, 1.34)	1.06 (0.84, 1.35)	1.02 0.80, 1.30)
Q3: 32–55 pg/mg	728	155	2.15	1.27 (1.00, 1.62)	1.26 (0.99, 1.61)	1.19 0.93, 1.52)
Q4: ≥56 pg/mg	734	153	2.08	1.35 (1.05, 1.73)	1.35 (1.05, 1.73)	1.15 (0.89, 1.48)
ACR
By quartile
Q1: <4.57 mg/g	743	115	1.44	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)†
Q2: 4.57–8.28 mg/g	738	124	1.60	1.17 (0.90, 1.52)	1.17 (0.90, 1.52)	1.13 0.87, 1.48)
Q3: 8.29–20.33 mg/g	735	149	2.02	1.46 (1.14, 1.88)	1.48 (1.14, 1.91)	1.42 1.09, 1.83)
Q4: ≥20.34 mg/g	701	208	3.48	2.44 (1.92, 3.09)	1.96 (1.53, 2.51)	1.84 (1.43, 2.38)
By clinical cut-points
<30 mg/g	2395	431	1.74	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
>30 mg/g	522	165	3.81	2.19 (1.82, 2.64)	1.79 (1.47, 2.18)	1.70 (1.39, 2.08)

ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CI, confidence interval; Cr, creatinine; HR, hazard ratio; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule 1; IL-18, interleukin 18; Q, quartile

^*Adjusted for age, gender, race, site and education

^**Further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, smoking, prevalent coronary heart disease, albumin, C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

^†further adjusted for KIM-1 and IL-18.