Table.
Targetable cholangiocarcinoma signalling pathways with estimated frequency and corresponding molecular inhibitors
| Molecular inhibitors | |
|---|---|
| EGFR (RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK/MAPK), 14% | Erlotinib, cetuximab, irinotecan, panitumumab, lapatinib, sorafenib |
| VEGF, frequency unknown | Sorafenib, bevacizumab, erlotinib, cediranib, vandetanib |
| Her2/neu, 8% | Lapatinib |
| MET (PI3K, AKT, mTOR), 5% | Onartuzumab, tivantinib, crizotinib |
| mTOR, frequency unknown | Everolimus |
| MEK, frequency unknown | Selumetinib, trametinib |
| AKT, 1% | MK2206 |
| NFκB, frequency unknown | Bortezomib |
| PI3K/mTOR, 9% | GDC-0980 |
| PARP1/2, frequency unknown | Veliparib |
| MET/ROS/ALK, frequency unknown | Crizotinib |
| FGFR2 gene fusion, frequency unknown | PD173074, pazopanib |
| IDH1 and IDH2, 10–23% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas | AGI-6780, AGI-5198 |
Table modified from Geynisman and colleagues.44