Table 2.

T-test for biomedical outcomes, periodontal status, knowledge and attitude toward oral health and DM (N = 130)

Variables	Intervention group		Control group		p-value*
	n = 65		n = 65
	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
HbA1c
Baseline	7.39	1.19	7.68	1.48	0.217
3 months	7.10	1.04	7.77	1.46	0.003
FPG
Baseline	143.83	38.78	152.91	51.35	0.258
3 months	129.57	21.24	158.32	47.28	<0.001
BMI
Baseline	25.35	3.57	26.66	4.40	0.064
3 months	25.57	3.64	26.88	4.11	0.057
Plaque index score
Baseline	0.59	0.42	0.63	0.41	0.544
3 months	0.26	0.31	0.45	0.45	0.006
Gingival index score
Baseline	0.64	0.41	0.77	0.48	0.139
3 months	0.27	0.29	0.48	0.40	0.001
Pocket depth
Baseline	2.35	0.55	2.39	0.81	0.719
3 months	2.04	0.47	2.54	0.88	<0.001
CAL
Baseline	3.33	0.86	3.68	1.31	0.079
3 months	2.96	0.85	3.64	1.37	0.001
BOP
Baseline	35.36	25.83	37.32	22.17	0.644
3 months	17.66	22.18	38.22	33.36	<0.001
Overall knowledge
Baseline	7.19	2.36	7.04	2.27	0.705
3 months	9.48	0.70	7.29	2.23	<0.001
Oral knowledge
Baseline	3.68	1.73	3.51	1.60	0.564
3 months	4.77	0.52	3.63	1.36	<0.001
DM knowledge
Baseline	3.53	1.09	3.58	0.97	0.799
3 months	4.70	0.28	3.66	1.17	<0.001
Overall attitude
Baseline	43.75	4.42	41.80	6.57	0.057
3 months	47.82	3.41	41.44	5.27	<0.001
Oral attitude
Baseline	21.54	2.95	20.78	3.15	0.161
3 months	23.85	1.80	20.58	3.18	<0.001
DM attitude
Baseline	22.25	2.32	21.74	2.57	0.239
3 months	23.92	1.81	20.86	2.62	<0.001

p by t-test.

*Statistical significances of difference: p < 0.05.