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. 2014 Jun 25;34(26):8875–8893. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4460-13.2014

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Paired intracellular recordings from different cortical areas. A, The examples of simultaneously recorded intracellular activities of two neurons from the motor and somatosensory, and from the somatosensory and visual cortices. The cortical locations are indicated by colors. Note the time delays between active state onsets in the cell pairs. B, Superposition of averaged membrane potentials of n = 5 M1–S1 and 3 S1–V1 neuronal pairs are plotted against phase (left) and time (right). In the time plots, zero time corresponds to the instantaneous phase −0.5. C, The methodological approach for the delay analysis of paired intracellular recordings. The crossings at half of amplitude within each slow-wave cycle were detected. The delays were almost insensitive to the threshold amplitude within significant range (shown with gray). The time intervals between crossings were calculated and represent up and down delays as shown. When S1 preceded M1 (V1 preceded S1), the time intervals calculated as negative. Duration of active state calculated as the time interval between down and up crossings. D, Superposition of all M1–S1 up and down delays of 5 neuronal pairs (n delay plotted against n + 1 delay). E, Distribution of all M1–S1 (shown with black) and S1–V1 (shown with pink) up (left) and down (right) delays divided by the corresponding durations of M1 and S1 active states, respectively. F, All M1–S1 and S1–V1 up delays plotted against the duration of M1 and S1 active states, respectively. Black lines indicate linear fit for each neuronal pair. G, The mean up delays between neuronal pairs plotted against depth difference of neurons. The depth differences were calculated as the difference between M1 and S1 neurons (between S1 and V1, shown with gray). H, Left, Superposition of EPSP phase histograms normalized by mean representing the intracellular activity of 11 neurons recorded in the frontal cortex at different depths. Middle, Right, Mean vector phases and lengths calculated from the same EPSP histograms plotted against depth from which the neurons were recorded.