Table 5.
Treatment planning, immobilization, and image guidance in SABR for central lung tumors.
| Reference | Respiratory motion management | ITV | FDG PET for target definition | Dose calculation/TPS | Technique | Immobilization | Image guidance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haasbeek et al. (30) | e | Y | −/BrainLab | 3D | – | ExacTrac system | |
| Nuyttens et al. (31) | RTT | −/CyberKnife | IMRT | – | Fiducial marker tracking per CyberKnife system | ||
| Rowe et al. (32) | e | Y | AAA/− | 3D, IMRT | Full length vacuum cushion | CBCT | |
| Oshiro et al. (33) | c | −/Eclipse (Varian) | 3D | Individualized body casts | Gated KV-radiographs | ||
| Unger et al. (34) | RTT | Non-isocentric inverse planning algorithm with heterogeneity correction/CyberKnife | IMRT | – | IR emitting external markers and internal fiducial markers used for real time tumor tracking with CyberKnife | ||
| Milano et al. (35) | d | Y | Y | −/BrainLab | Arcs | – | ExacTrac system |
| Chang et al. (36) | e | Y | −/− | 3D | – | CT-on-rail with orthogonal radiographs to confirm isocenter | |
| Fakiris et al. (14) | a | Y | −/− | 3D | SBF with abdominal compression | Daily treatment guided by external markers on SBF | |
| Onimaru et al. (17) | b | Y | 3D RTP with heterogeneity correction | 3D | No immobilization cradles | Orthogonal radiographs on the first day | |
| Song et al. (18) | ,c,da,c,d | Y | −/Render 3D system (Elekta) or Eclipse (Varian) | – | Vacuum fitted SBF | CBCT | |
| Stauder et al. (19) | e | Y | Y | −/Eclipse (Varian) | 3D | BodyFix vacuum system | CBCT |
| Peulen et al. (20) | a | Y | Pencil beam algorithm with heterogeneity correction/− | 3D | SBF with abdominal compression | CT prior to each treatment | |
| Bral et al. (21) | ,cb,c | Y | Y | −/BrainLab | 3D | Low density cradle with IR skin markers on the thorax | ExacTrac-like system using both external and internal markers |
| Xia et al. (22) | f | Y | N1 LN delineation | Body gamma knife planning system | MLC based gamma knife | Vacuum bag from head to pelvis | – |
| Guckenberger et al. (23) | e | Y | Collapsed cone algorithm/− | 3D | SBF or BodyFix systems | CT, in-room CT, then CBCT since 2005 | |
| Baba et al. (24) | b | Y | ? AAA/eclipse (Varian) | 3D | BodyFix system | – | |
| Olsen et al. (25) | e | Y | Superposition convolution algorithm with heterogeneity correction/− | 3D | SBF system or alpha cradle | CBCT | |
| Andratschke et al. (26) | f | Y | Unknown algorithm with heterogeneity correction/− | 3D/arcs | Vacuum couch and low pressure foil | CT prior to each treatment, then CBCT since 2008 | |
| Takeda et al. (27) | f | Y | Superposition algorithm with heterogeneity correction/XiO (CMS) | DCMAT | Corset | – | |
| Stephans et al. (28) | b | Y | Unknown with heterogeneity correction/BrainLab | IMRT | BodyFix system | ExacTrac system | |
| Janssen et al. (29) | e | Y | −/− | – | SBF with abdominal compression | CBCT |
aForced shallow breathing with abdominal compression.
bInhalation and exhalation breath hold CTs used to generate ITV.
cRespiratory gating.
dBreath hold/active breathing control
e4D CT.
fSlow CT.
SBF, stereotactic body frame; DCMAT, dynamic conformal multiple arc therapy; RTT, real time tracking; Y, yes; ITV refers to that generated with motion encompassing technique or that accounted for when generating the PTV; –, unknown.