Table 2. Univariate and Multiple Logistic Regression Analyses of the Association Between all Potential Risk Factors and COPD .
| Crude OR* | 95% CI* | P value | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Female | 1.06 | 0.89-1.25 | 0.52 | 0.98 | 0.81-1.18 | 0.851 |
| Age group, year | ||||||
| 28-44 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 45-64 | 4.05 | 2.93-5.59 | < 0.0001 | 2.86 | 2.15-3.82 | < 0.0001 |
| +65 | 11.56 | 8.45-15.82 | < 0.0001 | 5.97 | 4.42-8.08 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Current | 4.75 | 3.64-6.19 | < 0.0001 | 4.56 | 3.41-6.11 | < 0.0001 |
| Past | 5.34 | 4.18-6.81 | < 0.0001 | 3.24 | 2.57-4.08 | < 0.0001 |
| Binge drinking | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.50 | 0.32-0.77 | 0.0017 | 0.74 | 0.48-1.14 | 0.170 |
| Physical Activity | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.56 | 0.45-0.70 | < 0.0001 | 0.69 | 0.55-0.87 | 0.0015 |
| Obesity | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | ||||||
| Yes | 1.27 | 1.08-1.52 | 0.0054 | 1.25 | 1.03-1.52 | 0.0248 |
| SPD* | ||||||
| No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 3.07 | 2.17-4.36 | < 0.0001 | 2.11 | 1.47-3.04 | < 0.0001 |
| Employment | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.27 | 0.23-0.33 | < 0.0001 | 0.62 | 0.51-0.76 | < 0.0001 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Latino | 0.24 | 0.15-0.38 | < 0.0001 | 0.35 | 0.23-0.54 | < 0.0001 |
| Asian | 0.42 | 0.27-0.67 | 0.0003 | 0.59 | 0.36-0.97 | 0.0362 |
| African American | 0.51 | 0.32-0.80 | 0.0031 | 0.47 | 0.29-0.75 | 0.0016 |
| Poverty level | ||||||
| 300% FPL* + | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 0-99% FPL | 1.40 | 1.01-1.96 | 0.046 | 1.89 | 1.35-2.63 | 0.0002 |
| 100-199% FPL | 1.63 | 1.31-2.05 | < 0.0001 | 1.65 | 1.27-2.14 | 0.0002 |
| 200-299% FPL | 1.61 | 1.31-2.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.39 | 1.12-1.72 | 0.0026 |
*Abbreviations: SPD, serious psychological distress; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FPL, federal poverty level