. 2013 Sep 20;2(2):59–65. doi: 10.5812/ijhrba.10333

Table 3. Multiple Logistic Regression Analyses of the Association Between all Potential Risk Factors and COPD by Smoking Status .

Variable	OR^*^a	95% CI^*	P value	OR^*^b	95% CI	P value	OR^*^c	95% CI	P value
Gender
Male	1			1			1
Female	0.82	0.54-1.24	0.349	1.28	0.89-1.82	0.181	0.90	0.69-1.18	0.452
Age group, year
28-44	1			1			1
45-64	2.09	1.30-3.34	0.0023	4.14	2.71-6.34	< 0.0001	3.07	1.64-5.75	0.0005
+ 65	5.14	2.92-9.03	< 0.0001	6.97	4.36-9.17	< 0.0001	6.67	3.68-9.13	< 0.0001
Binge drinking
No	1			1			1
Yes	0.74	0.02-2.56	0.864	0.70	0.42-1.16	0.169	0.86	0.54-1.37	0.529
Physical activity
No	1			1			1
Yes	0.72	0.47-1.12	0.145	0.58	0.37-0.90	0.0161	0.73	0.54-0.99	0.0402
Obesity
No	1			1			1
Yes	1.41	0.86-2.31	0.178	1.30	0.88-1.93	0.190	1.18	0.93-1.50	0.173
SPD^a							1
No	1			1
Yes	1.15	0.54-2.47	0.712	2.08	1.34-3.23	0.0012	2.61	1.45-4.69	0.0014
Employment
No	1			1			1
Yes	0.93	0.58-1.50	0.757	0.64	0.45-0.90	< 0.0001	0.48	0.33-0.70	0.0001
Race
White	1			1			1
Latino	0.61	0.27-1.37	0.234	0.19	0.07-0.52	0.0011	0.31	0.18-0.54	<0.0001
Asian	1.26	0.63-2.53	0.509	0.27	0.09-0.78	0.0154	0.38	0.17-0.85	0.0175
African American	0.90	0.37-2.21	0.821	0.29	0.11-0.74	0.0099	0.46	0.24-0.88	0.0191
Poverty level
300% FPL +^a	1			1			1
0-99% FPL	1.47	0.52-4.12	0.466	1.85	1.12-3.08	0.017	2.36	1.41-3.95	0.0011
100-199% FPL	1.68	0.88-3.20	0.117	1.81	1.14-2.88	0.0122	1.54	1.14-2.10	0.0055
200-299% FPL	1.19	0.72-1.98	0.488	1.73	1.08-2.75	0.0212	1.31	0.98-1.77	0.0729

^*Abbreviations: SPD, serious psychological distress; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FPL, federal poverty level

^a Never smoked

^bCurrently smoking

^cSmoked in the past