Table 1.
Characteristics of VA Primary Care Employees by Burnout (n = 4,819, clinics = 626)
| No burnout | Burnout | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (row%) | n (row%) | ||
| n = 2,937 | n = 1,882 | ||
| Respondent characteristics | – | – | – |
| All respondents | 2,937 (61 %) | 1,882 (39 %) | – |
| Percentage of time spent in Primary Care | 0.02 | ||
| Less than 20 % | 128 (70 %) | 55 (30 %) | – |
| 20–40 % | 70 (65 %) | 38 (35 %) | – |
| 41–60 % | 66 (52 %) | 60 (48 %) | – |
| 61–80 % | 101 (56 %) | 78 (44 %) | – |
| More than 80 % | 2,572 (61 %) | 1,651 (39 %) | – |
| Tenure with VA | – | – | < 0.01 |
| Less than 6 months | 113 (90 %) | 13 (10 %) | – |
| Between 6 months and 1 year | 176 (81 %) | 40 (19 %) | – |
| Between 1 and 2 years | 323 (74 %) | 116 (26 %) | – |
| Between 2 and 5 years | 629 (58 %) | 453 (42 %) | – |
| Between 5 and 10 years | 565 (57 %) | 421 (43 %) | – |
| Between 10 and 15 years | 411 (58 %) | 303 (42 %) | – |
| Between 15 and 20 years | 202 (53 %) | 176 (47 %) | – |
| Over 20 years | 363 (62 %) | 225 (38 %) | – |
| Don’t know/Not applicable | 155 (53 %) | 135 (47 %) | – |
| Supervisory level | 0.05 | ||
| None | 1,786 (62 %) | 1,077 (38 %) | – |
| Team leader | 826 (59 %) | 568 (41 %) | – |
| First Line Supervisor | 94 (57 %) | 71 (43 %) | – |
| Manager | 84 (69 %) | 37 (31 %) | – |
| Executive/Senior Executive | 15 (71 %) | 6 (29 %) | – |
| Don’t know/Not applicable | 132 (52 %) | 123 (48 %) | – |
| Occupation | – | – | < 0.01 |
| Primary Care Provider | 965 (55 %) | 804 (45 %) | – |
| Nurse Care Manager | 682 (60 %) | 453 (40 %) | – |
| Clinical Associate | 941 (69 %) | 417 (31 %) | – |
| Administrative Clerk | 349 (63 %) | 208 (37 %) | – |
| Clinic workload and capacity | – | – | – |
| Proportion of PCPs with panels at over-capacity | 0.018 (61 %) | 0.021 (39 %) | 0.17 |
| Adjusted panel size | 1,104 (219) | 1,111(217) | 0.31 |
| Patient intensity (DCG Average) | 0.74 (0.26) | 0.75 (0.26) | 0.41 |
| Hospital-based clinic | 1,507 (60 %) | 1,025 (40 %) | 0.03 |
| PACT elements of team-based care | – | – | – |
| Assigned to a PACT | 2,579 (60 %) | 1,691 (40 %) | 0.03 |
| Assigned to multiple PACTs | – | – | 0.98 |
| Yes | 1,733 (60 %) | 1,137 (40 %) | – |
| No | 846 (60 %) | 554 (40 %) | – |
| Don’t know/Not applicable | 358 (65 %) | 191 (35 %) | – |
| PACT staffed to 3.0 ratio of team members to PCP | – | – | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 1,613 (70 %) | 701 (30 %) | – |
| No | 972 (49 %) | 993 (51 %) | – |
| Not sure | 232 (63 %) | 135 (37 %) | – |
| Don’t know/Not applicable | 507 (50 %) | 251 (25 %) | – |
| Spends ≥ 0.5 h/day on average in teamlet huddles | 1,591 (65 %) | 860 (35 %) | < 0.01 |
| Working to top of competency | – | – | – |
| Amount of time spent on work that someone w/less training could do | – | – | < 0.01 |
| < 25 % | 1,340 (70 %) | 570 (30 %) | – |
| 25–50 % | 779 (52 %) | 718 (48 %) | – |
| 50–75 % | 263 (48 %) | 282 (52 %) | – |
| > 75 % | 123 (41 %) | 177 (59 %) | – |
| Don’t know/not applicable | 432 (76 %) | 135 (24 %) | – |
| – | |||
| Amount of time spent on work for which one has too little training | < 0.01 | ||
| < 25 % | 1,792 (60 %) | 1,184 (40 %) | – |
| 25–50 % | 145 (46 %) | 170 (54 %) | – |
| 50–75 % | 47 (41 %) | 68 (59 %) | – |
| > 75 % | 48 (48 %) | 53 (52 %) | – |
| Don’t know/not applicable | 905 (69 %) | 407 (31 %) | – |
| Collective self-efficacy to implement PACT (How confident are you that your teamlet/clinic team is capable of implementing PACT?) | – | – | < 0.01 |
| Not at all | 93 (28 %) | 241 (72 %) | – |
| A little bit | 185 (39 %) | 295 (61 %) | – |
| Somewhat | 744 (56 %) | 577 (44 %) | – |
| Very much | 1213 (71 %) | 505 (29 %) | – |
| A lot | 607 (73 %) | 227 (27 %) | – |
| Don’t know/Not applicable | 95 (72 %) | 37 (28 %) | – |
| Team functioning (range: 1 to 5, higher is better except for Chaos) | – | – | – |
| Communication | 3.58 (0.56) | 3.29 (0.73) | < 0.0001 |
| Participatory decision making | 3.47 (0.69) | 2.87 (0.81) | < 0.0001 |
| Chaos/stress | 2.96 (0.82) | 3.98 (0.69) | < 0.0001 |
| History of change | 3.42 (0.85) | 3.51 (0.91) | 0.0016 |
| Delegation of clinical duties | – | – | – |
| Patient care (range: −9.1 to 6.5) | 0.24 (4.88) | −0.37 (5.00) | < 0.0001 |
| Assessing patients (range: −8.9 to 6.8) | 0.16 (4.23) | −0.24 (4.31) | 0.0015 |
| Responding to messages (range: −7.7 to 2.1) | 0.07 (2.49) | −0.10 (2.69) | 0.0243 |
† p values are for Chi-square tests of independence for categorical variables and t-tests for comparison of means