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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec 7;208(2):153.e1–153.13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.043

Figure 4. Cardiac output adjusted by fetal biometric parameters as a function of gestational age in the presence of increased placental vascular impedance to flow.

Figure 4

Cardiac output (CO) obtained for left (A, C, E) and right (B, D, F) ventricles, divided by fetal biometric parameters: abdominal circumference [AC, cm; CO(AC)], head circumference [HC, cm; CO(HC)], and femoral diaphysis length [FL, cm; CO(FL)] in fetuses with an umbilical artery pulsatility index > 95th percentile (ABN) were compared to 184 normal fetuses (NL).40 In the presence of increased placental vascular impedance to flow, values were significantly lower for the mean left CO(AC) (adjusted for gestational age) (mL/min/cm) (ABN: 3.2 vs. NL: 4.8; p = 0.0001), CO(HC) (adjusted for gestational age) (mL/min/cm) (ABN: 2.8 vs. NL: 4.4; p< 0.0001), and CO(FL) (adjusted for gestational age) (mL/min/cm) (ABN: 14.2 vs. NL: 21.4; p = 0.0001). Similarly, values were significantly lower for the mean right CO(AC) (adjusted for gestational age) (mL/min/cm) (ABN: 4.1 vs. NL: 5.1; p < 0.0001), CO(HC) (adjusted for gestational age) (mL/min/cm) (ABN: 3.7 vs. NL: 4.7; p < 0.0001), and CO(FL) (adjusted for gestational age) (mL/min/cm) (ABN: 18.4 vs. NL: 22.6; p < 0.0001).