Table 2.
Comparison of cardiovascular parameters between fetuses with an umbilical artery pulsatility index > 95th percentile (ABN) and normal controls (NL)
| Cardiovascular parametera | NL (95% CI)b | ABN (95% CI)c | Proportion Changed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ventricular volume in end-systole (mL) | |||
| Left | 0.43 (0.4 – 0.5) | 0.12 (0.02 – 0.2) | −72% |
| Right | 0.65 (0.6 – 0.7) | 0.39 (0.3 – 0.5) | −40% |
| Ventricular volume in end-diastole (mL) | |||
| Left | 1.28 (1.2 – 1.4) | 0.64 (0.4 – 0.9) | −50% |
| Right | 1.57 (1.5 – 1.7) | 1.09 (0.8 – 1.3) | −30% |
| Stroke volume (mL) | |||
| Left | 0.86 (0.79 – 0.93) | 0.53 (0.37 – 0.68)e | −38% |
| Right | 0.92 (0.85 – 0.99) | 0.71 (0.55 – 0.86)e | −23% |
| Cardiac output (mL/min) | |||
| Left | 119.6 (110 – 129) | 71.9 (50 – 94)e | −40% |
| Right | 127.5 (118 – 137) | 96 (74 – 118)e | −25% |
| Cardiac output divided by HC (mL/min/cm) | |||
| Left | 4.4 (4.1 – 4.8) | 2.8 (2.0 – 3.6)e | −36% |
| Right | 4.7 (4.4 – 5.0) | 3.7 (2.9 – 4.4)e | −21% |
| Cardiac output divided by AC (mL/min/cm) | |||
| Left | 4.8 (4.5 – 5.2) | 3.2 (2.4 – 4.0)e | −33% |
| Right | 5.1 (4.8 – 5.5) | 4.1 (3.3 – 4.9)e | −20% |
| Cardiac output divided by FL (mL/min/cm) | |||
| Left | 21.4 (19.8 – 23.0) | 14.2 (10.5 – 18.0)e | −34% |
| Right | 22.6 (21.1 – 24.2) | 18.4 (14.7 – 22.1)e | −19% |
| Ejection fraction (%) | |||
| Left | 70.4 (69 – 72) | 82.4 (79 – 86)e | 17% |
| Right | 60.8 (59 – 63) | 66 (62 – 70)e | 9% |
ABN, abnormal; AC, abdominal circumference; CI, confidence interval; FL, femoral diaphysis length; HC, head circumference; NL, normal
a
Mean values adjusted for gestational age
b
Data from Hamill N et al.40
c
NL vs. ABN; p < 0.0001 (main effects ANCOVA)
d
Proportion change calculated as [(1 – ABN/NL) × 100%]
e
ABN right ventricle vs. ABN left ventricle for median stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac output divided by HC, AC, FL, and ejection fraction; p < 0.05 for all, except p < 0.001 for ejection fraction (paired test)