(a) Half-life in the blood is determined by ICP-MS, and regularly measured the concentrations of Mn in blood samples (n = 3). (b) Concentrations of Gd were quantified in the brain, liver, lung, spleen, heart, kidney, and the tumor tissue (n = 3) at 4, 10 and 24 h, respectively, after intravenous injection (15 μmol/kg). (c) Excretion of Mn is assayed in feces and urine of mice every week (n = 3) up to 12 weeks. (d) The biodistribution at the subcellular lever. TEM images of liver, lung, spleen and xenografted tumors in nude mice at 4 h after intravenous administration of the Mn3O4 NPs (15 μmol/kg).