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. 2014 Jun 25;5:284. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00284

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Copyright © 2014 Dardick and Callahan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Secondary metabolic pathways. Diagram showing the enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway (PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL,4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase) which produces the precursor products for lignin (HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; C3H, 4-coumarate 3 –hydroxylase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; CCoAOMT, Caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase; F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; POX, peroxidase; LACC, laccase). Steps in phenylpropanoid and ligin pathways that give rise to other secondary metabolism products are indicated.