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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2014 Feb 14;107:136–144. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.020

Table 1.

Adolescent outcome and mediator coding and descriptive statistics by domain, moving to opportunity data (2001–02).

Domain & variable Variable description Total sample
Experimental voucher group
Control group
N Mean SD N Mean SD N Mean SD
Outcomes
Asthma diagnosis Ever diagnosed with asthma; YR 2812 0.23 0.42 1936 0.24 0.43 876 0.20 0.40
Asthma attack Asthma attack in the past year; 0 = no diagnosis/no attack, 1 = diagnosis and attack; YR 2809 0.08 0.26 1933 0.08 0.28 876 0.06 0.23
Wheezing/whistling Wheezing/whistling symptoms in past year; 0 = no, 1 = yes; YR 2811 0.17 0.38 1937 0.18 0.39 874 0.15 0.36
Mediators
Mental health
Psychological distress K6 psychological distress scale; 2-parameter binary IRT model, higher = more distress; YR 2829 −0.04 0.93 1950 −0.04 0.93 879 −0.04 0.92
Behavior problems Behavior problems index (BPI); 2-parameter binary IRT model, higher = more distress; YR 2829 −0.03 0.90 1950 −0.01 0.89 879 −0.06 0.90
Smoking
Adult smoker Adult is current smoker; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2725 0.30 0.46 1883 0.30 0.46 842 0.32 0.47
Youth ever smoked Youth ever smoked; 0 = no, 1 = yes; YR 2812 0.22 0.41 1938 0.23 0.42 874 0.20 0.40
Housing disarray
Rooms cluttered Visible rooms in house were cluttered; 1 = very cluttered, 2 = somewhat cluttered, 3 = not at all cluttered; IO 2625 2.43 0.71 1807 2.43 0.70 818 2.42 0.72
Pet fur Housing had cat, dog, or other pet fur; 0 = no, 1 = yes; IO 2571 0.19 0.39 1775 0.18 0.39 796 0.21 0.41
Interior-of-home index Fraction of 7 negative interior housing unit characteristics, range 0–1; includes open cracks/holes in walls/ceilings, broken plaster/peeling paint, obvious dampness/mold, evidence of cigarette smoking, noisy from noise inside the house, noisy from noise outside the house, rooms were cluttered; IO 2628 0.19 0.23 1817 0.18 0.23 811 0.21 0.23
Housing quality-observed
No wall-to-wall carpet Housing did not have wall-to-wall carpet; 0 = no, 1 = yes; IO 2603 0.68 0.47 1800 0.65 0.48 803 0.74 0.44
Broken plaster/peeling paint Problem with broken plaster/peeling paint; 0 = no, 1 = yes; IO 2633 0.13 0.34 1817 0.12 0.32 816 0.16 0.36
Cracks/holes in windows/walls Windows or walls had open cracks or holes; 0 = no, 1 = yes; IO 2633 0.15 0.35 1816 0.14 0.35 817 0.15 0.36
General condition of unit Rating of unit condition or building conditions; 1 = well-kept or good, 2 = fair, 3 = poor, 4 = badly deteriorated; IO 2673 1.87 0.77 1840 1.82 0.74 833 1.97 0.84
Exterior-of-home index Fraction of 7 negative exterior housing unit characteristics, range 0–1; includes unit in poor condition, housing on block in poor condition, building had broken windows, building had bars on windows, nearby buildings had bars on windows, condition of street was poor (i.e., pot holes), and major accumulation of trash/junk in neighborhood; IO 2661 0.18 0.24 1834 0.17 0.22 827 0.21 0.26
Housing quality-adult report
Broken locks Problem with broken locks on door; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2745 0.17 0.37 1897 0.16 0.37 848 0.18 0.38
Peeling paint/wallpaper Problem with peeling paint or wallpaper; 0 = no, 1 = yes 2744 0.45 0.50 1896 0.42 0.49 848 0.50 0.50
Vermin Problem with mice, rats, or cockroaches; 0 = no, 1 = yes 2743 0.53 0.50 1896 0.51 0.50 847 0.57 0.50
Broken windows Problem with broken windows; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2745 0.24 0.42 1897 0.23 0.42 848 0.26 0.44
Count of housing problems Count of 7 items adult reported as being a big or small problem in housing; includes peeling paint/wallpaper, heat, plumbing, broken locks, broken windows, rats, and roaches; AR 2745 2.06 1.95 1897 1.98 1.95 848 2.25 1.94
Housing excellent or good Adult rated condition of housing as excellent or good overall; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2744 0.56 0.50 1896 0.58 0.49 848 0.51 0.50
Housing hardship
Heating problem Problem with heating; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2733 0.19 0.39 1892 0.18 0.38 841 0.20 0.40
Plumbing problem Problem with plumbing; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2744 0.32 0.47 1896 0.32 0.46 848 0.34 0.47
Utilities shut off Gas, water, or electricity ever shut off for non-payment; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2745 0.06 0.24 1897 0.07 0.25 848 0.05 0.21
Evicted Adult was evicted in past 12 months; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2744 0.02 0.15 1896 0.03 0.16 848 0.02 0.14
Homeless/doubled up Adult was homeless or doubled up in past 12 months; 0 = no, 1 = yes; AR 2743 0.06 0.24 1895 0.06 0.24 848 0.06 0.24
Problem paying for rent or mortgage Sum of problems paying for housing unit; 0 = no problems, 2 = a lot of problems; AR 2726 0.26 0.57 1886 0.24 0.56 840 0.29 0.60
Problem paying for utilities Sum of problems paying for utilities; 0 = no problems, 5 = a lot of problems; AR 2730 0.80 1.33 1890 0.87 1.37 840 0.63 1.22
Housing mobility
One move One move since baseline; 0 = no, 1 = yes; MD 2829 0.338 0.473 1950 0.337 0.473 879 0.340 0.474
Two+ moves Two or more moves since baseline; 0 = no, 1 = yes; MD 2829 0.438 0.496 1950 0.483 0.500 879 0.336 0.473

YR = youth self-report; IRT = item response theory; AR = adult self-report; IO = interviewer observation; MD = MTO administrative data.