Table 1.
Important technical developments in the history of CARD-FISH for environmental microorganisms
| Year | Description | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | • First CARD publication (for immunoassay) | 15 |
| • Development of FISH for microorganisms | 20 | |
| 1991 | • FISH applied to uncultured microorganisms | 4 |
| 1997 | • CARD-FISH for environmental microorganisms | 39, 68 |
| 1998 | • CARD-FISH with polyribonucleotide probes for mRNA detection | 85 |
| 2002 | • Low-melting point agarose-embedding protocol | 56 |
| • Detection of DNA synthesizing (BrdU incorporated) bacteria by CARD-FISH | 57 | |
| • CARD-FISH with oligonucleotide probes for mRNA detection | 10 | |
| • Development of clone-FISH | 71 | |
| 2003 | • CARD-FISH combined with FACS | 14 |
| 2004 | • Simultaneous detection of rRNA and mRNA by CARD-FISH with polyribonucleotide probes | 58 |
| • CARD-FISH combined with microautoradiography | 75 | |
| 2006 | • Two-pass TSA-FISH with oligonucleotide probes for mRNA detection | 37 |
| 2008 | • EL-FISH and HISH for nanoSIMS analysis | 13, 51 |
| • Magneto-FISH for cell capturing | 60 | |
| 2010 | • Two-pass TSA-FISH with oligonucleotide probes for gene detection | 30 |
| • Simultaneous detection of rRNA and gene by CARD-FISH with polydeoxyribonucleotide probes | 48 | |
| 2012 | • Two-pass TSA-FISH with polydeoxyribonucleotide probes for gene detection | 31 |
| • mRNA-FISH combined with FACS | 50 |