Table 5.
Outcome Definitions, Number of Deaths, Measures of Association, and Adjustments in Studies Examining the Association Between Menarcheal Age and Cardiovascular Death Outcomes
| First Author, Year (Reference No.) | Cause of Death | ICD Codes | No. of Deaths | Earliest vs. Median MA Group |
Covariates in Fully Adjusted Model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | |||||
| Gallagher, 2011 (17) | IHD | 410–414a | 494 | 1.44 | 1.00, 2.05 | Age |
| IS | 434a | 699 | 1.05 | 0.75, 1.45 | ||
| HS | 431a | 1,815 | 0.97 | 0.79, 1.19 | ||
| Cui, 2006 (16) | IHD | 410–414a and I20–I25b | 178 | 0.82 | 0.47, 1.42 | Age, smoking, alcohol intake, marital status, education, menopausal status, BMIc, history of diabetes, and hypertension |
| Stroke | 430–438a | 487 | 0.97 | 0.67, 1.41 | ||
| Total CVD | 390–459a and I01–I99b | 1,010 | 0.94 | 0.74, 1.20 | ||
| Lakshman, 2009 (19) | Total CVD | 401–448a and I10–I79b | 640 | 1.33 | 1.03, 1.72 | Age, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, education, parity, occupational social class, oral contraceptive use, and hormone replacement therapy use |
| Jacobsen, 2009 (18) | IHD | 410–414a | 809 | 1.37 | 1.09, 1.73 | Age |
| Stroke | 430–438a | 378 | 1.43 | 1.02, 2.01 | ||
| Mueller, 2012 (13) | Ever Smokers | |||||
| Total CVD | 394–459a | 341 | 0.65 | 0.41, 1.03 | Age, year of interview, dialect, education, exercise, diet, alcohol intake, smoking, parity, menopausal status, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy use, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension | |
| IHD | 410–414.9 and 427.5a | 194 | 0.75 | 0.42, 1.33 | ||
| Stroke | 430–438a | 92 | 0.68 | 0.27, 1.75 | ||
| Never Smokers | ||||||
| Total CVD | 394–459a | 1,511 | 1.02 | 0.84, 1.24 | ||
| IHD | 410–414.9 and 427.5a | 804 | 1.01 | 0.78, 1.30 | ||
| Stroke | 430–438a | 465 | 1.2 | 0.84, 1.70 | ||
| Chang, 2011 (11) | Total CVD | I00–I99b | 478 | 1.06 | 0.85, 1.33 | Age, education, occupation, alcohol, smoking, BMI, and hypertension |
| IHD | I20–I25b | 47 | 2.04 | 1.02, 4.0 | ||
| Stroke | I60–I69b | 297 | 1.02 | 0.78, 1.35 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; HS, hemorrhagic stroke; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IS, ischemic stroke; MA, menarcheal age.
a Codes based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.
b Codes based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision.
c Weight (kg)/height (m)2.