Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by EHRA class
| EHRA 1 | EHRA 2 | EHRA 3 | EHRA 4 | Total | P value for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N, number | 149 | 99 | 90 | 24 | 362 | n/a |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 61.1 (±11.4) | 59.7 (±12.2) | 57.9 (±13.0) | 62.2 (±9.9) | 60.0 (±12.0) | NC |
| Male gender | 70.3% | 58.6% | 73.0% | 62.5% | 66.9% | NC |
| % PAFa | 49.0% | 65.6% | 62.2% | 41.7% | 56.4% | 0.36 |
| Diabetes | 6.8% | 7.1% | 8.8% | 20.0% | 8.3% | NC |
| Heart failure | 5.4% | 3.0% | 7.7% | 12.0% | 5.8% | NC |
| Hypertension | 54.4% | 36.4% | 46.2% | 72.0% | 48.6% | 0.003 |
| Pacemaker | 5.4% | 7.1% | 9.9% | 12.0% | 7.5% | NC |
| COPD | 4.8% | 6.1% | 8.8% | 4.0% | 6.1% | NC |
| Previous stroke/TIA | 8.2% | 6.1% | 13.2% | 12.0% | 9.1% | NC |
| Prior ablation | 77.6% | 52.5% | 25.3% | 24.0% | 53.9% | <0.0001 |
| Subsequent ablation | 6.8% | 34.3% | 61.5% | 76.0% | 32.9% | <0.0001 |
NC, not calculated (where ANOVA revealed no significant variance between groups, a test for trend was not performed).
aPredominant pattern at time of assessment.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The term ‘ablation’ is used to denote catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (e.g. pulmonary vein isolation).