Figure 4. Analyses of transdifferentated cluster before and after transplantation in NUDE mouse.

(A) Typical images of in vitro immunostaining for glucagon in human pancreas control, untreated fibroblasts and in chemically transdifferentiated fibroblasts from patient with type 1 diabetes. (B) G-banding karyotype in HF2 patient before and after chemical transdifferentiation treatment showing normal male karyotypes. (C) Survival and presence of the transplanted cells in the mouse pancreas by qPCR using specific primers for human SRY and β-actin genes. Analyses of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice that were transplanted with insulin-expressing cells transdifferentiated from fibroblasts of patients with type 1 diabetes. Mice were inspected daily for weight loss (D) and basal blood glucose levels (E). Human insulin serum was measured at 30 min after intraperitoneal glucose stimulation pre and post STZ treatment (15 and 30 day post implant) (F) and in nonfasting and 30 min after glucose stimulation at day 30 (G, glucose challenge). Error bars indicate s.d. HF1 and HF2: fibroblasts from patients with type 1 diabetes; Transdifferentiated: fibroblasts chemically transdifferentiated for 30 days: Untreated: fibroblasts day 2–5.