Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the 171 Patients with IMN.
Never smoked | Smokers (Current/Ex-) | P value | |
Number | 108 | 63 (35/28) | |
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 66 (59–73) | 63 (53–68) | 0.012 |
Male [n (%)] | 63 (58.3) | 55 (87.3) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 (21.1–24.7) | 23.5 (22.3–26.2) | 0.046 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (120–145) | 132 (121–143) | 0.873 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (70–84) | 79 (72–86) | 0.156 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 (0.66–1.00) | 0.80 (0.71–1.00) | 0.171 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76 (58–92) | 76 (63–86) | 0.639 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 2.4 (2.0–3.2) | 0.518 |
Urinary protein (g/day) | 3.9 (2.4–6.1) | 4.8 (3.2–8.4) | 0.025 |
Urinary protein >3.5 (g/day) [n (%)] | 68 (63.0) | 46 (73.0) | 0.239 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 283 (238–375) | 295 (247–368) | 0.617 |
Use of antihypertensive drugs [n (%)] | 33 (30.6) | 25 (39.7) | 0.244 |
Smoking status | |||
Number of cigarettes smoked daily | NA | 20 (20–30) | |
Pack-years | NA | 40 (24–49) | |
Therapeutic interventions within 6 months after kidney biopsy | |||
ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy [n (%)] | 65 (60.2) | 48 (76.2) | 0.044 |
Immunosuppressive treatment | 0.413 | ||
No immunosuppressive agent | 58 (53.7) | 28 (44.4) | |
Prednisolone [n (%)] | 19 (17.6) | 11 (17.5) | |
Prednisolone + cyclosporine [n (%)] | 31 (28.7) | 24 (38.1) | |
Outcomes | |||
30% reduction in eGFR [n (%)] | 16 (14.8) | 21 (33.3) | 0.007 |
50% reduction in eGFR [n (%)] | 6 (5.6) | 11 (17.5) | 0.017 |
Decline in eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year) | 2.42 (−1.44 to 6.91) | 4.01 (0.51–8.78) | 0.046 |
ESRD [n (%)] | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.6) | 1.000 |
Death [n (%)] | 8 (7.4) | 3 (4.8) | 0.748 |
Remission | |||
Complete remission [n (%)] | 63 (58.3) | 40 (63.5) | 0.522 |
Partial remission [n (%)] | 96 (88.9) | 54 (85.7) | 0.631 |
Relapse [n (%)] | 14 (16.1) | 12 (26.7) | 0.170 |
Observation period (months) | 36 (15–71) | 39 (18–74) | 0.375 |
Median (interquartile range), Conversion factors for units: SCr in mg/dL to µmol/L, ×88.4; eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 194×Scr−1.094×Age−0.287×0.739 (if female), total cholesterol in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.02586.
Abbreviations: IMN, idiopathic membranous nephropathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE inhibitor/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; SCr, serum creatinine; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NA, not applicable.