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. 2014 Jun 25;9(6):e100835. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100835

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the 171 Patients with IMN.

Never smoked Smokers (Current/Ex-) P value
Number 108 63 (35/28)
Baseline characteristics
Age (years) 66 (59–73) 63 (53–68) 0.012
Male [n (%)] 63 (58.3) 55 (87.3) <0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2) 22.9 (21.1–24.7) 23.5 (22.3–26.2) 0.046
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 130 (120–145) 132 (121–143) 0.873
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 76 (70–84) 79 (72–86) 0.156
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) 0.78 (0.66–1.00) 0.80 (0.71–1.00) 0.171
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 76 (58–92) 76 (63–86) 0.639
Serum albumin (g/dL) 2.6 (2.1–3.2) 2.4 (2.0–3.2) 0.518
Urinary protein (g/day) 3.9 (2.4–6.1) 4.8 (3.2–8.4) 0.025
Urinary protein >3.5 (g/day) [n (%)] 68 (63.0) 46 (73.0) 0.239
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 283 (238–375) 295 (247–368) 0.617
Use of antihypertensive drugs [n (%)] 33 (30.6) 25 (39.7) 0.244
Smoking status
Number of cigarettes smoked daily NA 20 (20–30)
Pack-years NA 40 (24–49)
Therapeutic interventions within 6 months after kidney biopsy
ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy [n (%)] 65 (60.2) 48 (76.2) 0.044
Immunosuppressive treatment 0.413
No immunosuppressive agent 58 (53.7) 28 (44.4)
Prednisolone [n (%)] 19 (17.6) 11 (17.5)
Prednisolone + cyclosporine [n (%)] 31 (28.7) 24 (38.1)
Outcomes
30% reduction in eGFR [n (%)] 16 (14.8) 21 (33.3) 0.007
50% reduction in eGFR [n (%)] 6 (5.6) 11 (17.5) 0.017
Decline in eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year) 2.42 (−1.44 to 6.91) 4.01 (0.51–8.78) 0.046
ESRD [n (%)] 1 (0.9) 1 (1.6) 1.000
Death [n (%)] 8 (7.4) 3 (4.8) 0.748
Remission
Complete remission [n (%)] 63 (58.3) 40 (63.5) 0.522
Partial remission [n (%)] 96 (88.9) 54 (85.7) 0.631
Relapse [n (%)] 14 (16.1) 12 (26.7) 0.170
Observation period (months) 36 (15–71) 39 (18–74) 0.375

Median (interquartile range), Conversion factors for units: SCr in mg/dL to µmol/L, ×88.4; eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 194×Scr−1.094×Age−0.287×0.739 (if female), total cholesterol in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.02586.

Abbreviations: IMN, idiopathic membranous nephropathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE inhibitor/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; SCr, serum creatinine; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NA, not applicable.