Table 1.

Primers used in real-time RT–PCR amplification

Gene	Primer nucleotide sequences
MCP-1	Forward 5′-CCTCTGGGCCTGCTGTTCA-3′
	Reverse 5′-CCAGCCTACTCATTGGGATCA-3′
TGF-β	Forward 5′-GCAACATGTGGAACTCTACCAGAA-3′
	Reverse 5′-GACGTCAAAAGACAGCCACTCA-3′
CTGF	Forward 5′-CAAAGCAGCTGCAAATACCA-3′
	Reverse 5′-GGCCAAATGTGTCTTCCAGT-3′
Fibronectin	Forward 5′-ACACGGTTTCCCATTACGCCAT-3′
	Reverse 5′-AATGACCACTGCCAAAGCCCAA-3′
GAPDH	Forward 5′-GCATGGCCTTCCGTGTTC-3′
	Reverse 5′-GATGTCATCATACTTGGCAGGTTT-3′
P2X4R	Forward 5′-CCCTTTGCCTGCCCAGATAT-3′
	Reverse 5′-CCGTACGCCTTGGTGAGTGT-3′
18s rRNA	Forward 5′-ACCGCGGTTCTATTTTGTTG-3′
	Reverse 5′-CCCTCTTAATCATGGCCTCA-3′

MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; 18s rRNA, 18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid.