Table 2.
Risk of ALL from one interquartile range increase in air toxics exposure during each pregnancy period
| N | 1st trimester OR (95% CI) | 2nd trimester OR (95% CI) | 3rd trimester OR (95% CI) | Entire pregnancy OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/ Controls |
Crude+ | Adjusted* | Crude+ | Adjusted* | Crude+ | Adjusted* | Crude+ | Adjusted* | |
| 1st factor | |||||||||
| total PAHs | 53/2159 | 0.97 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | 1.04 | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) | 1.15 | 1.16 (1.04, 1.29) | 1.17 | 1.17 (0.94, 1.45) |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 56/2263 | 0.97 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 1.01 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.10) | 1.06 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) | 1.08 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.28) |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 56/2263 | 0.96 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 1.01 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.07 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.16) | 1.08 | 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 56/2263 | 0.96 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 1.01 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 1.06 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) | 1.06 | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 53/2159 | 0.96 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) | 1.02 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.13) | 1.16 | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) | 1.13 | 1.12 (0.91, 1.39) |
| Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 53/2159 | 0.96 | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) | 0.99 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 1.11 | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) | 0.99 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.09) |
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 53/2159 | 0.99 | 0.96 (0.78, 1.18) | 1.12 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.31) | 1.28 | 1.27 (1.08, 1.48) | 1.62 | 1.63 (1.13, 2.34) |
| Arsenic | 22/981 | 0.70 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.11) | 1.06 | 1.07 (0.79, 1.46) | 1.28 | 1.33 (1.02, 1.73) | 1.07 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.76) |
| 2nd factor | |||||||||
| 1,3-Butadiene | 66/2626 | 0.97 | 0.91 (0.67, 1.25) | 1.23 | 1.17 (0.88, 1.54) | 1.60 | 1.54 (1.19, 1.99) | 1.94 | 1.76 (1.09, 2.86) |
| Ethyl benzene | 57/2199 | 1.01 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 0.98 | 0.92 (0.7, 1.21) | 1.23 | 1.19 (0.97, 1.46) | 1.17 | 1.06 (0.74, 1.51) |
| Ortho-xylene | 57/2297 | 0.90 | 0.84 (0.60, 1.17) | 1.05 | 0.99 (0.72, 1.35) | 1.32 | 1.29 (0.99, 1.68) | 1.17 | 1.07 (0.70, 1.62) |
| Benzene | 66/2627 | 0.94 | 0.85 (0.58, 1.26) | 1.25 | 1.16 (0.80, 1.67) | 1.61 | 1.50 (1.08, 2.09) | 1.67 | 1.44 (0.84, 2.48) |
| Toluene | 59/2313 | 1.03 | 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) | 1.09 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.42) | 1.28 | 1.22 (0.90, 1.65) | 1.24 | 1.11 (0.71, 1.74) |
| Styrene | 46/1932 | 0.92 | 0.85 (0.60, 1.19) | 0.96 | 0.89 (0.65, 1.22) | 1.03 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 0.99 | 0.87 (0.58, 1.32) |
| Meta/para-xylene | 37/1613 | 1.10 | 1.07 (0.84, 1.37) | 1.05 | 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) | 1.35 | 1.33 (1.05, 1.69) | 1.42 | 1.38 (0.92, 2.08) |
| Perchloroethylene | 59/2373 | 1.01 | 0.97 (0.69, 1.37) | 1.09 | 1.06 (0.76, 1.48) | 1.16 | 1.13 (0.84, 1.52) | 1.13 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.61) |
| Lead | 54/2091 | 1.15 | 1.06 (0.74, 1.51) | 1.27 | 1.19 (0.84, 1.70) | 1.48 | 1.42 (1.02, 1.96) | 1.51 | 1.38 (0.89, 2.13) |
| Hexavalent chromium | 47/1758 | 1.24 | 1.18 (0.85, 1.63) | 1.14 | 1.12 (0.97, 1.29) | 1.09 | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 1.32 | 1.27 (0.89, 1.81) |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 37/1425 | 1.09 | 1.01 (0.47, 2.20) | 0.99 | 0.94 (0.46, 1.90) | 0.86 | 0.80 (0.40, 1.59) | 0.97 | 0.90 (0.41, 1.97) |
| 3rd factor | |||||||||
| Nickel | 54/2106 | 1.08 | 0.95 (0.66, 1.37) | 1.17 | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) | 0.98 | 0.85 (0.59, 1.23) | 1.09 | 0.92 (0.60, 1.41) |
| Chromium | 54/2105 | 1.08 | 1.00 (0.73, 1.36) | 1.17 | 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) | 1.03 | 0.95 (0.70, 1.28) | 1.12 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.44) |
| 4th factor | |||||||||
| Para-dichlorobenzene | 49/2025 | 0.95 | 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) | 1.02 | 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.76, 1.30) |
| Chloroform | 62/2419 | 0.88 | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) | 1.02 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.28) | 1.03 | 1.00 (0.78, 1.28) | 0.97 | 0.91 (0.65, 1.28) |
| Pollutants that did not load on a factor | |||||||||
| Formaldehyde | 58/2521 | 1.08 | 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) | 1.05 | 1.06 (0.78, 1.43) | 1.14 | 1.14 (0.87, 1.49) | 1.16 | 1.17 (0.80, 1.70) |
| Acetaldehyde | 58/2521 | 0.96 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | 1.05 | 1.06 (0.75, 1.49) | 1.13 | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) | 1.11 | 1.10 (0.72, 1.69) |
| Ortho-dichlorobenzene | 49/2025 | 1.08 | 1.04 (0.67, 1.62) | 0.88 | 0.82 (0.50, 1.35) | 1.11 | 1.06 (0.65, 1.72) | 1.08 | 0.97 (0.50, 1.90) |
| Trichloroethylene | 59/2377 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.94 | 0.92 (0.72, 1.19) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 0.98 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.23) |
| Selenium | 51/2011 | 0.94 | 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) | 1.10 | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.22 | 1.22 (0.97, 1.53) | 1.20 | 1.19 (0.83, 1.72) |
| Ethylene dibromide | 25/730 | 0.96 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | 0.85 | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 0.70 | 0.70 (0.37, 1.33) | 0.71 | 0.74 (0.40, 1.38) |
+
Odds ratios adjust for birth year (matching variable)
*
Models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, birth year, parity, maternal birthplace, and neighborhood socioeconomic index. Included children lived within 2km of an air monitor.