Table 4.
Risk of leukemia from one interquartile range increase in air toxics exposure during the child’s first year
| ALL | AML | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N Cases/ Controls† |
Crude+ | Adjusted* | N Cases/ Controls† |
Crude+ | Adjusted* | |
| 1st factor | ||||||
| total PAHs | 42/1765 | 1.07 | 1.05 (0.69, 1.59) | 20/11259 | 1.14 | 1.22 (0.63, 2.38) |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 45/1863 | 0.94 | 0.91 (0.65, 1.28) | 20/11878 | 1.02 | 1.08 (0.62, 1.87) |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 45/1863 | 0.94 | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) | 20/11878 | 1.02 | 1.08 (0.59, 1.98) |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 45/1863 | 0.94 | 0.91 (0.67, 1.23) | 20/11878 | 1.05 | 1.09 (0.67, 1.79) |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 42/1765 | 1.10 | 1.09 (0.71, 1.68) | 20/11259 | 1.11 | 1.19 (0.59, 2.41) |
| Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 42/1765 | 0.95 | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) | 20/11259 | 1.08 | 1.12 (0.74, 1.69) |
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 42/1765 | 1.48 | 1.44 (0.81, 2.54) | 20/11259 | 1.50 | 1.66 (0.65, 4.19) |
| Arsenic | 14/651 | --- | ----- | 8/5532 | --- | ----- |
| 2nd factor | ||||||
| 1,3-Butadiene | 61/2502 | 1.91 | 1.73 (0.97, 3.08) | 25/16316 | 1.70 | 2.35 (1.02, 5.39) |
| Ethyl Benzene | 48/2064 | 1.20 | 1.05 (0.67, 1.65) | 21/13702 | 1.15 | 1.32 (0.69, 2.53) |
| Ortho-Xylene | 50/2165 | 1.17 | 1.03 (0.61, 1.73) | 24/14231 | 1.57 | 1.88 (1.02, 3.45) |
| Benzene | 61/2503 | 1.48 | 1.23 (0.62, 2.43) | 25/16319 | 1.93 | 2.61 (0.97, 6.99) |
| Toluene | 52/2184 | 1.36 | 1.19 (0.70, 2.02) | 24/14309 | 1.64 | 2.02 (1.03, 3.94) |
| Styrene | 36/1646 | 1.16 | 0.97 (0.57, 1.66) | 21/10895 | 1.50 | 1.63 (0.93, 2.83) |
| Meta/para-xylene | 32/1503 | 1.60 | 1.59 (0.97, 2.61) | 14/9724 | --- | ----- |
| Perchloroethylene | 51/2176 | 1.24 | 1.21 (0.75, 1.96) | 24/14361 | 1.17 | 1.30 (0.79, 2.16) |
| Lead | 48/1803 | 1.56 | 1.45 (0.83, 2.53) | 13/10753 | --- | ----- |
| Hexavalent chromium | 39/1495 | 0.84 | 0.70 (0.35, 1.40) | 17/10808 | --- | ----- |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 21/775 | 0.78 | 0.72 (0.25, 2.08) | 6/5177 | --- | ----- |
| 3rd factor | ||||||
| Nickel | 48/1810 | 1.39 | 1.24 (0.82, 1.87) | 13/10771 | --- | ----- |
| Chromium | 48/1810 | 1.17 | 1.09 (0.77, 1.53) | 13/10771 | --- | ----- |
| 4th factor | ||||||
| Para-dichlorobenzene | 38/1718 | 0.96 | 0.91 (0.62, 1.32) | 23/11494 | 1.35 | 1.47 (0.96, 2.26) |
| Chloroform | 54/2270 | 1.05 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 24/15043 | 1.20 | 1.33 (0.82, 2.17) |
| Pollutants that did not load on a factor | ||||||
| Formaldehyde | 50/2317 | 1.07 | 1.09 (0.72, 1.65) | 22/14790 | 1.28 | 1.50 (0.96, 2.35) |
| Acetaldehyde | 50/2317 | 1.12 | 1.13 (0.71, 1.80) | 22/14790 | 1.10 | 1.36 (0.68, 2.72) |
| Ortho-dichlorobenzene | 38/1720 | 1.04 | 0.75 (0.27, 2.10) | 23/11448 | 1.27 | 1.57 (0.44, 5.60) |
| Trichloroethylene | 52/2220 | 1.14 | 1.18 (0.94, 1.47) | 24/14765 | 1.01 | 1.12 (0.87, 1.45) |
| Selenium | 45/1718 | 1.52 | 1.53 (1.01, 2.32) | 13/10242 | --- | ----- |
| Ethylene dibromide | 19/0 | --- | ----- | 9/4943 | --- | ----- |
+
Odds ratios adjust for birth year (matching variable)
*
Models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, birth year, parity, maternal birthplace, and neighborhood socioeconomic index.
†
Control sample sizes differ because ALL models included children living within 2km of an air monitor while AML models included children living within 6km of an air monitor.