Table II.
Results of statistical analysis
| (a) Bivariate associations between the SRS score and different variables per study group, depicting p-values for ANOVA’s and correlations
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| TSC SRS score (n=64) | NF1 SRS score (n=50) | EUC SRS score (n=66) | |
| ANOVAs | |||
| IQ categorya | <0.001 | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Epilepsy | 0.001 | n/a | – |
| Refractory epilepsy | <0.001 | n/a | 0.40 |
| Infantile spasms | 0.018 | n/a | n/a |
| Correlations | |||
| IQ/DQ score | 0.001 (r=−0.74) | n/a | 0.016 (r=−0.37) |
| Age at onset of epilepsy | 0.035 (r=−0.33) | n/a | 0.24 (r=−0.15) |
| (b) Variables in the linear regression models, including the total Social Responsiveness Scale score as the dependent outcome
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Ba | p | 95% CI of Bb
|
|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Multidisorder model (n=180) R2=0.37 | ||||
| Study group | ||||
| TSC | 17.3 | 0.31 | −8.6 | 2.8 |
| EUC | 23.7 | 0.14 | −7.5 | 54.9 |
| NF1 | 0c | – | – | – |
| IQ category | ||||
| Normal learning | −16.8 | 0.001 | −26.7 | −6.9 |
| Learning disability | 0c | – | – | – |
| Intellectual disability | 30.1 | 0.079 | −3.6 | 65.6 |
| Epilepsy | 10.8 | 0.613 | −31.6 | 53.2 |
| Refractory epilepsy | 2.0 | 0.19 | −1.03 | 5.0 |
| Age at epilepsy onset | −0.28 | 0.40 | −0.9 | 0.38 |
| TSC-specific model (n=45) R2=0.66 | ||||
| Mutation type | ||||
| TSC1 | −0.12 | 0.99 | −18.7 | 18.4 |
| TSC2 | −6.4 | 0.45 | −23.2 | 10.5 |
| NMI | −4.2 | 0.70 | −25.9 | 17.3 |
| Unknown | 0c | – | – | – |
| IQ/DQ | −0.27 | 0.015 | −0.49 | −0.06 |
| Epilepsy | 20.7 | 0.023 | 3.0 | 38.4 |
| Refractory epilepsy | 15.7 | 0.008 | 4.3 | 27.0 |
| Infantile spasms | 6.3 | 0.196 | −3.4 | 15.9 |
Complete clinical data were available for all patients and IQ/DQ scores were available for 45 patients with TSC, 42 (81%) patients with EUC, and three (6%) patients with NF1. n, number of patients included in the analysis; r, correlation coefficient.
No learning problems, specific learning disability, or global intellectual disability (see Methods section).
TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; SRS, Social Responsiveness Scale; NF1, neurofibromatosis type 1; EUC, childhood-onset epilepsy of unknown cause; ANOVA, analysis of variance; n/a, not analyzed owing to small patient samples or insufficient data; DQ, developmental quotient.
The coefficient of that variable in the overall model.
95% confidence intervals surrounding the B.
This group was designated as the reference category.
n, number of patients included in the analysis; CI, confidence interval; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; EUC, childhood-onset epilepsy of unknown cause; NF1, neurofibromatosis type 1; NMI, no mutation identified; DQ, developmental quotient.