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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2013 Oct 10;44(10):2223–2229. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713002493

Table 1.

Twin studies exploring the heritability using categorical measures of ADHD.

Authors Twin sample Measure Informant % meeting cut-off criteria for ADHD Heritability
Larsson et al 2011 Population: children/adolescents; 1,450 twin pairs; aged 8–17 years; Swedish Longitudinal DSM-IV ADHD symptoms Parents

  1. High trajectory of Hyperactivity

  2. High trajectory of inattention

  1. 80%

  2. 72%
Lichtenstein et al 2010 Population: 10,895 twin pairs; aged 12 years; Swedish DSM-IV ADHD symptoms Parents 1.8% 79%
Sherman et al 1997 Population: 288 twin pairs; aged 11–12 years; USA DSM-III-R ADHD symptoms Teachers and parents, combined 18% 79%
Thapar et al 2000 Population: 2,082 twin pairs; aged 11–12 years; UK DSM-IV ADHD symptoms Teachers and parents, combined - 80%