Table 2.
HAART and covariates in relation to brain parenchymal pathology.a
| n (%) | HIV encephalitis | Microglial nodular lesions | White matter lesions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Present | Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Absent | |
| Overall | 22 (15.6) | 119 (84.4) | 12 (8.5) | 129 (91.5) | 17 (12.1) | 124 (87.9) |
| HAART status | ||||||
| PI-based | OR 1.0 | OR 1.6 | OR 1.8 | |||
| 8 (15.7) | 43 (84.3) | 6 (11.8) | 45 (88.2) | 9 (17.6) | 42 (82.4) | |
| Non-PI-based | OR 1.0 | OR 0.4 | OR 0.3 | |||
| 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (100.0) | |
| No HAARTb | 12 (15.6) | 65 (84.4) | 6 (7.8) | 71 (92.2) | 8 (10.4) | 69 (89.6) |
| Older agec | OR 0.3* | OR 0.2 | OR 2.0 | |||
| Yes | 3 (6.5) | 43 (93.5) | 1 (2.2) | 45 (97.8) | 8 (17.4) | 38 (82.6) |
| No | 19 (20.0) | 76 (80.0) | 11 (11.6) | 84 (88.4) | 9 (9.5) | 86 (90.5) |
| Male | OR 2.3 | OR 2.4 | OR 1.6 | |||
| Yes | 20 (17.1) | 97 (82.9) | 11 (9.4) | 106 (90.6) | 15 (12.8) | 102 (87.2) |
| No | 2 (8.3) | 22 (91.7) | 1 (4.2) | 23 (95.8) | 2 (8.3) | 22 (91.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | OR 0.4 | OR 0.7 | OR 0.5 | |||
| Yes | 1 (6.3) | 15 (93.8) | 1 (6.3) | 15 (93.8) | 1 (6.3) | 15 (93.8) |
| No | 19 (15.6) | 103 (84.4) | 11 (9.0) | 111 (91.0) | 15 (12.3) | 107 (87.7) |
| Hypertension | OR 0.8 | OR 1.3 | OR 1.1 | |||
| Yes | 5 (12.5) | 35 (87.5) | 4 (10.0) | 36 (90.0) | 5 (12.5) | 35 (87.5) |
| No | 15 (15.3) | 83 (84.7) | 8 (8.2) | 90 (91.8) | 11 (11.2) | 87 (88.8) |
| Dyslipidemia | OR 1.5 | OR 1.1 | OR 0.8 | |||
| Yes | 4 (19.0) | 17 (81.0) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) |
| No | 16 (13.7) | 101 (86.3) | 10 (8.5) | 107 (91.5) | 14 (12.0) | 103 (88.0) |
| Cigarette smoking | OR 0.9 | OR 0.4 | OR 0.9 | |||
| Yes | 6 (13.3) | 39 (86.7) | 2 (4.4) | 43 (95.6) | 5 (11.1) | 40 (88.9) |
| No | 14 (15.4) | 77 (84.6) | 10 (11.0) | 81 (89.0) | 11 (12.1) | 80 (87.9) |
| Psychostimulant dependence | OR 0.8 | OR 1.3 | OR 1.1 | |||
| Yes | 2 (10.5) | 17 (89.5) | 1 (5.3) | 18 (94.7) | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) |
| No | 6 (12.5) | 42 (87.5) | 2 (4.2) | 46 (95.8) | 7 (14.6) | 41 (85.4) |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | OR 0.8 | OR 0.3 | OR 0.4 | |||
| Yes | 8 (16.0) | 42 (84.0) | 2 (4.0) | 48 (96.0) | 3 (6.0) | 47 (94.0) |
| No | 13 (18.6) | 57 (81.4) | 9 (12.9) | 61 (87.1) | 10 (14.3) | 60 (85.7) |
HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitor; OR, odds ratio.
a
Odds ratios were calculated by using univariable logistic regression methods in relation to ‘Absent’ outcomes (in columns) and ‘No’ predictors/covariates (in rows), *two-tailed P<0.05.
b
Included in the ‘No HAART’ category were patients who received non-HAART regimens or no longer received antiretroviral treatment at their last follow-up visit closest to death, and those who had never received antiretroviral treatment.
c
Age at death ≥50 years.