Fig. 5.

Differential reduction of viral loads by TLRs ligands. Hep-2 cells were pre-incubated with CpG-ODN (5 µM), poly I:C (25 µg/ml) or in combinations of two for 24 hr and exposed to sH1N1 virus at a moi 1.0 or moi 0.01 for additional 48 hr. Cells which were simultaneously pre-incubated with PBS and exposed to sH1N1 virus at a moi 1.0 or moi 0.01 for additional 48 hr was used as a control. Viral loads were determined using qRT-PCR. Data are the averages±S.D. of triplicate determinations (^*p<0.05 compared with control).