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. 2014 Jun 26;4:5453. doi: 10.1038/srep05453

Table 1. Representative differentially expressed genes that were significantly higher in preterm infants versus term infants.

Category and Gene ID Term (average FPKM) Preterm (average FPKM) Preterm/Term p value (uncorrected) Description
Lipid Metabolism          
ApoA4 483.85 18651.40 38.55 0.0001 Lipid metabolism, chylomicron and VLDL secretion
ApoA1 254.23 6906.41 27.17 0.0001 Lipid metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport
ASAH1 14.90 80.51 5.40 0.0064 Acid ceramidase, mediates cell growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis
CERS2 92.13 371.37 4.03 0.0061 Ceramide synthase 2, regulates cell growth
MTM1 3.10 59.97 19.36 0.0037 Lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates EGFR degradation
PLIN2 127.72 359.13 2.81 0.0149 Controls the levels of lipid droplets, regulation of colonic cell growth
Immune          
CASP1 128.56 888.21 6.91 0.0030 Inflammasomes mediate activation of caspase 1 and promote secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18
IL1B 2343.32 6974.19 2.98 0.0926 Linked to intestinal disorders of inflammation in neonates
ICAM1 34.94 112.40 3.22 0.0280 Leukocyte trafficking across the endothelium
IL33 10.52 61.12 5.81 0.0144 Innate immune cell modulation, mediates Th2 immune response (parasite infections)
LCP1 14.06 72.14 5.13 0.0081 Associated with active Crohn's disease
NFKBIA 373.98 1164.21 3.11 0.0112 Regulates many epithelial and immune cell functions
PFKFB3 237.61 621.85 2.62 0.0271 Gene target of PPARgamma, regulates diet induced intestine inflammation response
S100-A9 71.14 1192.90 16.77 0.0043 Calcium and zinc binding protein that regulates inflammatory and immune responses; functions extracellularly as an antimicrobial
SOCS3 164.05 748.63 4.56 0.0017 Suppressor of cytokine signaling, generally anti-inflammatory that limits IL-6 induction of STAT3
TREM-1 15.29 96.78 6.33 0.0172 Expressed on myeloid cells (PMNs, monocytes/macrophages), increases with inflammatory diseases, linked to macrophage amplification of chronic inflammation
TYROBP 153.23 902.38 5.89 0.0067 An adaptor protein associated with multiple cell surface activating receptors expressed on both lymphoid and myeloid lineages
Cellular Function          
CEBPB 75.39 290.56 3.85 0.0098 Transcription factor regulating keratin synthesis
CFLAR 30.29 139.71 4.61 0.0451 Apoptosis regulatory protein, tissue homeostasis
FAM65B 9.00 169.30 18.81 0.0007 Promotes myogenic differentiation and cytoskeletal rearrangement
FUBP1 31.78 110.84 3.49 0.0128 DNA binding protein that promotes c-myc expression
G0S2 2927.30 60194.00 20.56 0.0003 Promotes apoptosis, prevents bcl2-bax heterodimers
KDM5B 32.12 98.30 3.06 0.0281 Histone demethylase, favors cell proliferation
MMP1 53.25 159.15 2.99 0.0392 Matrix metalloproteinase, potential regulator of intestinal homeostasis
NPM1 59.07 165.49 2.80 0.0484 Nucleolar acidic protein, plays a positive role in cell proliferation and growth
SERPINA1 136.74 534.73 3.91 0.0012 Serine protease inhibitor, proteolytic activity towards insulin, protects lower respiratory tract