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. 2014 May 27;124(7):3032–3046. doi: 10.1172/JCI72176

Figure 7. Overexpression of ALDH1A1 protects midbrain DA neurons against α-synuclein–mediated cytotoxicity.

Figure 7

(A) Representative images show cleaved caspase-3, TH, and human α-synuclein in control and A53T cultures on DIV8. Arrowheads indicate cleaved caspase-3–positive TH+ neurons. Arrows point to cleaved caspase-3–positive astrocytes. The death of astrocytes was caused by cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside in the medium. (B) Expression of ALDH1A1 and TH in the A53T midbrain cultures infected with either AAV-ALDH1A1 or AAV-GFP virus. The noninfected or AAV-GFP virus–infected cultures serve as the control. Scale bar: 20 μm (A and B). (C) Survival rate (percentage) of TH-positive neurons treated with AAV-ALDH1A1 or AAV-GFP viruses. Six independent nTg and A53T cultures per condition were analyzed. (D) The number of surviving TH-positive neurons treated with vehicle DMSO, SIB1757, and DOX in control and A53T mouse midbrain neuron cultures. Seven independent nTg and A53T cultures per condition were analyzed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.