Figure 5. Treatment with β₂ agonists worsens PM-induced release of IL-6 and resulting thrombosis.

We treated wild-type mice with formoterol (10^–5M) or vehicle control (ethanol 2%), both with 1 ml via inhalation over 30 minutes every 12 hours, and exposed them contemporaneously to CAPs (PM_2.5) or filtered air for 8 hours daily on 3 consecutive days. We measured levels of (A) IL-6 in BALF, (B) Il6 mRNA in lung tissue, (C) prothrombin (factor II), and (D) TF mRNA in liver and (E) the time to loss of blood flow after FeCl₃-induced injury to the carotid artery (the time to complete loss of blood flow [>75% reduction]). *P < 0.05, PM vs. PBS or CAPs vs. FA; **P < 0.05, formoterol vs. control; ^‡P < 0.05, Adrb2^flox/flox vs. Lysm-Cre Adrb2^flox/flox.