Table 3.

Comparison between modern development of the physics of living systems and other far-from-equilibrium systems with previous developments in Newtonian mechanics, quantum mechanics and equilibrium statistical physics.

Newtonian mechanics	quantum mechanics	equilibrium statistical physics	far-from-equilibrium statistical physics
Kepler's laws	Bohr atom	Carnot cycle classical thermodynamics	Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction Jarzynski equality
		microstates equal probability postulate	principal properties of emergent relationships in dissipative systems? ab initio relationships involving modularity, scales, topologies?
Neptune	transistor	Bose–Einstein condensate	?