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. 2014 Jul 22;281(1787):20140858. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0858

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© 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — (a) After 100 generations, de novo siderophore non-producing mutants reach far higher frequencies in highly toxic copper populations than all other populations (Kruskal–Wallis and Kruskal mc: H₃ = 29.4762, p < 0.001. (b) Per capita pyoverdine production is reduced after evolving in highly toxic copper for approximately 100 bacterial generations, compared with other metal treatments (one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD, F_3,44 = 45.95, p < 0.001). (c) The reduction in per capita pyoverdine production instigated by high copper toxicity (relative to high iron control) is stronger than the reduction caused by iron limitation (relative to standard KB broth; Welch's t-test, t_12.254 = 4.2841, p < 0.005). When y-axis = 1, treatment has no effect of reducing pyoverdine relative to control. Error bars represent standard error.