The relative fitness of mutants compared with wild-type (W) depends on an interaction between metal species (copper or iron) and growth conditions (monoculture, grey; co-culture, black; two-way interaction between metal and growth conditions: F1,88 = 30.583, p < 0.001), and an interaction between metal species and metal concentration (high = 6.17 mM, low = 624 μM; two-way interaction between metal species and concentration, F1,88 = 11.612, p < 0.001). In co-culture, W > 1 (i.e. mutants invade) for highly toxic copper concentrations (one-sample t-test on relative fitness, alternative = 1, t11 = 7.3307, p < 0.001).