Table 4.

Isolation housing effects outside of drug context on drug abuse-related behaviors in rodents¹

Model	Drug	Dose	Effect	References
Self-administration	Cocaine	1.0 mg/kg, i.v.	Ø cocaine intake	Bozarth et al 1989
	Heroin	0.1 mg/kg, i.v.	↑ heroin intake	Bozarth et al, 1989
	Ethanol *	8 – 25%, oral	↑ ethanol intake	Ehlers et al, 2007+(alcohol-preferring rats only); Juarez & Vazquez-Cortes, 2003†; Roske et al, 1994
		2 – 15%, oral	Ø ethanol intake	Lopez et al, 2011; Thorsell et al, 2005†
CPP	Cocaine	3.125 – 50 mg/kg, i.p.	Ø cocaine CPP	Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009
	Heroin	20 µg/kg, s.c.	Ø heroin CPP	Schenk et al, 1985
	Morphine	10 mg/kg, i.p.	Ø morphine CPP	Herzig & Schmidt 2005
Extinction	Cocaine history		↑ resistance to   extinction	Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009; Thiel et al, 2009bΔ
Cue reinstatement	Cocaine history		↑ reinstatement	Thiel et al, 2010
Cocaine reinstatement	Cocaine history	10 mg/kg, i.p. priming dose	Ø reinstatement	Thiel et al, 2009b
		12 mg/kg, i.p. priming dose	↑ reinstatement	Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009

¹Isolation began in adolescence or adulthood; comparisons social-housed controls unless otherwise specified

^*Choice ethanol consumption

⁺Isolation housing ≥ 90 days

^ΔEnriched environment control

^†Forced consumption only