Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of CON, IMP, and NIMP.
| CON (n = 25) | IMP (n = 11) | NIMP (n = 17) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 8.18 (0.32) | 8.28 (0.39) | 8.27 (0.35) | |||
| Sex (male:female) | 13:12 | 8:3 | 10:7 | |||
| Handedness (right:left) | 24:1 | 10:1 | 13:4 | |||
| IQa | 112.04 (10.78) | 101.55 (6.33) | 104.94 (7.57) | |||
| Attentionb | 2.88 (1.83) | 4.82 (2.23) | 4.35 (2.06) | |||
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| Word reading (T)c | 56.36 (6.37) | 54.28 (5.65) | 31.55 (4.13) | 38.27 (3.90) | 32.24 (3.68) | 29.65 (3.39) |
| Word reading (RS)c | 58.28 (13.81) | 73.76 (13.79) | 19.36 (3.14) | 39.00 (5.29) | 18.53 (3.54) | 27.76 (4.71) |
| Pseudoword reading (T)c | 54.68 (7.66) | 54.56 (9.99) | 36.45 (1.51) | 37.36 (5.37) | 36.29 (3.90) | 34.59 (3.71) |
| Pseudoword reading (RS)c | 35.44 (7.34) | 42.60 (8.58) | 17.91 (2.84) | 24.64 (5.54) | 18.29 (4.07) | 21.88 (3.08) |
| Reading comprehension (T)d | 57.58 (8.04) | 62.42 (4.75) | 37.53 (2.68) | 44.90 (3.99) | 34.65 (2.41) | 37.33 (5.55) |
| Spelling (T)e | 52.28 (5.34) | 55.48 (10.20) | 35.27 (2.97) | 33.27 (5.80) | 33.94 (3.98) | 32.76 (4.60) |
| Phoneme deletionf | 21.16 (2.98) | 23.32 (2.23) | 17.09 (4.76) | 19.18 (2.99) | 17.65 (5.94) | 19.35 (4.81) |
| Phoneme segmentationg | 4.56 (2.16) | 6.32 (2.10) | 5.00 (2.10) | 5.36 (1.57) | 4.88 (2.62) | 5.47 (2.38) |
| RAN – numbersh | 100.24 (20.69) | 114.15 (20.17) | 82.20 (10.58) | 89.73 (15.49) | 78.94 (14.00) | 85.51 (14.14) |
| RAN – lettersh | 104.72 (18.15) | 120.33 (18.28) | 53.67 (13.41) | 59.74 (13.98) | 52.07 (17.33) | 63.50 (15.79) |
| RAN – colorsh | 60.03 (10.55) | 65.45 (11.69) | 49.06 (7.83) | 54.62 (8.95) | 47.71 (8.49) | 52.63 (10.51) |
| RAN – objectsh | 51.97 (9.30) | 60.34 (11.91) | 40.99 (11.22) | 41.15 (6.98) | 37.93 (6.51) | 42.43 (7.06) |
| Working memory, SSi | 8.36 (2.53) | 9.00 (2.72) | 7.09 (1.81) | 6.55 (1.64) | 7.35 (1.54) | 6.59 (2.35) |
CON, control group; IMP, improvers; NIMP, non-improvers; n, sample size; T, T-values, T-values have a mean of 50 (SD ± 10); RS, raw scores; SS, standard scores, SS have a mean of 10 (SD ± 3);
a
CFT 1;
b
CBCL/1–4;
c
SLRT-II;
d
ELFE 1-6;
e
WRT 2+/WRT 3+;
f
number of correct items, max. 27;
g
number of correct items, max. 10;
h
items per minute;
i
HAWIK-IV.