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. 2014 Jun 26;5:309. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00309

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Pseudomonas aeruginosa AHL changes the behavior and function of human innate immune cells and the signaling machinery responsible for the recognition of AHL. (A) Long chain AHLs are strong chemoattractants for neutrophils. Chemotaxis and migration towards these AHLs are paralleled by cytoskeletal F-actin accumulation in the leading edge and increased F-actin-to-G-actin ratio via activation of small GTPases Rac1/Cdc42, phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and mobilization of calcium via IP3R at ER. (B) 3O-C12-HSL and macrophage activity. 3O-C12-HSL increases phagocytic capacity of macrophages via the p38, but not p42/44 MAPK, having no influence on their oxidative metabolism, or production of cytokines. (C) 3O-C12-HSL-mediated water homeostasis in macrophages. (D) Macrophage phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa wild type and lasI-/rhlI- mutant lacking production of QS molecules 3O-C12-HSL and C4-HSL.