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. 2014 Jun 16;11:29. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-29

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Copyright © 2014 Kim et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Cytokine levels in lung tissue slices at 4 h and 24 h post-exposure to ENCF-1 and ENCF-4 PM (11 μg per 8 mm diameter slice). (A) IL-6, (B) TNF-α, and (C) MIP-2 concentrations in the conditioned medium (CM) from the lung tissue slices. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3 in each group). *p < 0.05 compared with CM-exposed negative control group from the same time point. ^#p < 0.05 compared with the ENCF-4 PM exposed group from the same time point. Lung slices exposed to 87 ng/mL of LPS served as a positive control.