Figure 4.

Schematic presentation of the mechanisms causing early and advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration. A2E – bis-retinoid pyrimidine, CEP – carboxyethylpyrrole protein, ILG – isolevuglandin, CFH – complement factor H, FHL – family of factor H-like proteins, DAF – membrane decay-accelerating factor, MCP – membrane cofactor protein, CR – complement receptor, MAC – membrane attack complex, GA – geographical atrophy, PED – pigment epithelium detachment, VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor, PEDF – pigment epithelium-derived factor, HIF-1 – hypoxia-inducible factor-1.