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. 2014 Jun 26;10(6):e1004165. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004165

Figure 1. Growth factors upregulate arginase 1 in macrophages.

Figure 1

A) Induction of arg1 mRNA expression in macrophages exposed to recombinant growth factors. Uninfected and L. donovani infected hamster BMDMs were stimulated with EGF (100 ng/mL), FGF-2 (20 ng/mL), IGF-1 (100 ng/mL), PDGF (100 ng/mL), or IL-4 (25 IU/mL) for 24 hrs and the expression of arg1 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Shown is the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM; error bars) of 4 replicates from a single experiment that is representative of 2 independent experiments. B) Dose-dependent induction of arginase activity (urea production) in hamster BMDMs infected with L. donovani and exposed to 2-fold increasing concentrations of growth factors for 48 h. The concentration of the growth factors was: EGF: 12.5–100 ng/mL; FGF-2: 6.25–50 ng/mL; IGF-1: 50–400 ng/mL; and PDGF: 25–100 ng/mL. Shown is the mean and SEM of 2 replicates per dose that is representative of 4 independent experiments. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.